# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) 2021 the authors of Guix (msgids) and the following authors (msgstr) # This file is distributed under the same license as the guix manual package. # Liu Tao , 2021. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: guix manual checkout\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-guix@gnu.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-08 14:00+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-15 17:05+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Liu Tao \n" "Language-Team: Chinese (Simplified) \n" "Language: zh_Hans\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 4.6.2\n" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7 msgid "@documentencoding UTF-8" msgstr "@documentencoding UTF-8" #. type: top #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:36 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:50 #, no-wrap msgid "GNU Guix Cookbook" msgstr "GNU Guix 烹饪手册" #. type: copying #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:21 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christopher Lemmer Webber" msgid "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christine Lemmer-Webber@* Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Joshua Branson@*" msgstr "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christopher Lemmer Webber" #. type: copying #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:28 msgid "Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''." msgstr "Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''." #. type: dircategory #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:30 #, no-wrap msgid "System administration" msgstr "系统管理" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:33 msgid "Guix cookbook: (guix-cookbook)" msgstr "Guix 烹饪手册：(guix-cookbook)" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:33 msgid "Tutorials and examples for GNU Guix." msgstr "" #. type: subtitle #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:37 #, no-wrap msgid "Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager" msgstr "" #. type: author #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:38 #, no-wrap msgid "The GNU Guix Developers" msgstr "GNU Guix 开发者" #. type: node #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:49 #, no-wrap msgid "Top" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:56 msgid "This document presents tutorials and detailed examples for GNU@tie{}Guix, a functional package management tool written for the GNU system. Please @pxref{Top,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual} for details about the system, its API, and related concepts." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:66 msgid "This manual is also available in French (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook.fr, Livre de recettes de GNU Guix}) and German (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook.de, GNU-Guix-Kochbuch}). If you would like to translate this document in your native language, consider joining @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate} (@pxref{Translating Guix,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual})." msgstr "" #. type: chapter #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:82 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:98 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:99 #, no-wrap msgid "Scheme tutorials" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 msgid "Meet your new favorite language!" msgstr "" #. type: chapter #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:86 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:305 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:306 #, no-wrap msgid "Packaging" msgstr "打包" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 msgid "Packaging tutorials" msgstr "打包教程" #. type: chapter #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:90 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1348 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1349 #, no-wrap msgid "System Configuration" msgstr "系统配置" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 msgid "Customizing the GNU System" msgstr "定制 GNU 系统" #. type: chapter #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2446 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2447 #, no-wrap msgid "Advanced package management" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 msgid "Power to the users!" msgstr "" #. type: chapter #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2844 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2845 #, no-wrap msgid "Environment management" msgstr "环境管理" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 msgid "Control environment" msgstr "" #. type: chapter #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2968 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2969 #, no-wrap msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77 msgid "Thanks!" msgstr "" #. type: appendix #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2993 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2994 #, no-wrap msgid "GNU Free Documentation License" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77 msgid "The license of this document." msgstr "" #. type: unnumbered #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2999 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3000 #, no-wrap msgid "Concept Index" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77 msgid "Concepts." msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80 msgid "--- The Detailed Node Listing ---" msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:84 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:112 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:113 #, no-wrap msgid "A Scheme Crash Course" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:84 msgid "Learn the basics of Scheme" msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:88 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:317 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:319 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:320 #, no-wrap msgid "Packaging Tutorial" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:88 msgid "Let's add a package to Guix!" msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:93 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1370 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1371 #, no-wrap msgid "Auto-Login to a Specific TTY" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:93 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 msgid "Automatically Login a User to a Specific TTY" msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:93 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1415 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1416 #, no-wrap msgid "Customizing the Kernel" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:93 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel on Guix System." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix is written in the general purpose programming language Scheme, and many of its features can be accessed and manipulated programmatically. You can use Scheme to generate package definitions, to modify them, to build them, to deploy whole operating systems, etc." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:109 msgid "Knowing the basics of how to program in Scheme will unlock many of the advanced features Guix provides --- and you don't even need to be an experienced programmer to use them!" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:111 msgid "Let's get started!" msgstr "" #. type: cindex #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:115 #, no-wrap msgid "Scheme, crash course" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:121 msgid "Guix uses the Guile implementation of Scheme. To start playing with the language, install it with @code{guix install guile} and start a @dfn{REPL}---short for @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{read-eval-print loop}}---by running @code{guile} from the command line." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:124 msgid "Alternatively you can also run @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile} if you'd rather not have Guile installed in your user profile." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:130 msgid "In the following examples, lines show what you would type at the REPL; lines starting with ``@result{}'' show evaluation results, while lines starting with ``@print{}'' show things that get printed. @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, for more details on the REPL." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:138 msgid "Scheme syntax boils down to a tree of expressions (or @emph{s-expression} in Lisp lingo). An expression can be a literal such as numbers and strings, or a compound which is a parenthesized list of compounds and literals. @code{#true} and @code{#false} (abbreviated @code{#t} and @code{#f}) stand for the Booleans ``true'' and ``false'', respectively." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:140 msgid "Examples of valid expressions:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:144 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\"Hello World!\"\n" "@result{} \"Hello World!\"\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:147 #, no-wrap msgid "" "17\n" "@result{} 17\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:151 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n" "@print{} Hello Guix!\n" "@result{} #\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:158 msgid "This last example is a function call nested in another function call. When a parenthesized expression is evaluated, the first term is the function and the rest are the arguments passed to the function. Every function returns the last evaluated expression as its return value." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:161 msgid "Anonymous functions are declared with the @code{lambda} term:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:165 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(lambda (x) (* x x))\n" "@result{} #:24:0 (x)>\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:170 msgid "The above procedure returns the square of its argument. Since everything is an expression, the @code{lambda} expression returns an anonymous procedure, which can in turn be applied to an argument:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:174 #, no-wrap msgid "" "((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n" "@result{} 9\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:178 msgid "Anything can be assigned a global name with @code{define}:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:184 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define a 3)\n" "(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n" "(square a)\n" "@result{} 9\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:188 msgid "Procedures can be defined more concisely with the following syntax:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:191 #, no-wrap msgid "(define (square x) (* x x))\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:195 msgid "A list structure can be created with the @code{list} procedure:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:199 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(list 2 a 5 7)\n" "@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:206 msgid "The @dfn{quote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression: the first term is not called over the other terms (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Thus it effectively returns a list of terms." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:210 #, no-wrap msgid "" "'(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n" "@result{} (display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:213 #, no-wrap msgid "" "'(2 a 5 7)\n" "@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:219 msgid "The @dfn{quasiquote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression until @dfn{unquote} (a comma) re-enables it. Thus it provides us with fine-grained control over what is evaluated and what is not." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:223 #, no-wrap msgid "" "`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n" "@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:227 msgid "Note that the above result is a list of mixed elements: numbers, symbols (here @code{a}) and the last element is a list itself." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:231 msgid "Multiple variables can be named locally with @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}):" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:238 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define x 10)\n" "(let ((x 2)\n" " (y 3))\n" " (list x y))\n" "@result{} (2 3)\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:241 #, no-wrap msgid "" "x\n" "@result{} 10\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:244 #, no-wrap msgid "" "y\n" "@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:248 msgid "Use @code{let*} to allow later variable declarations to refer to earlier definitions." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:254 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(let* ((x 2)\n" " (y (* x 3)))\n" " (list x y))\n" "@result{} (2 6)\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:261 msgid "@dfn{Keywords} are typically used to identify the named parameters of a procedure. They are prefixed by @code{#:} (hash, colon) followed by alphanumeric characters: @code{#:like-this}. @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:266 msgid "The percentage @code{%} is typically used for read-only global variables in the build stage. Note that it is merely a convention, like @code{_} in C. Scheme treats @code{%} exactly the same as any other letter." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:270 msgid "Modules are created with @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). For instance" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:276 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n" " #:use-module (guix store)\n" " #:export (ruby-build\n" " ruby-build-system))\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:282 msgid "defines the module @code{guix build-system ruby} which must be located in @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} somewhere in the Guile load path. It depends on the @code{(guix store)} module and it exports two variables, @code{ruby-build} and @code{ruby-build-system}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:287 msgid "For a more detailed introduction, check out @uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at a Glance}, by Steve Litt." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:299 msgid "One of the reference Scheme books is the seminal ``Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs'', by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman, with Julie Sussman. You'll find a @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html, free copy online}, together with @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, videos of the lectures by the authors}. The book is available in Texinfo format as the @code{sicp} Guix package. Go ahead, run @code{guix install sicp} and start reading with @code{info sicp} (@pxref{,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}). An @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, unofficial ebook is also available}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:302 msgid "You'll find more books, tutorials and other resources at @url{https://schemers.org/}." msgstr "" #. type: cindex #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:308 #, no-wrap msgid "packaging" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:314 msgid "This chapter is dedicated to teaching you how to add packages to the collection of packages that come with GNU Guix. This involves writing package definitions in Guile Scheme, organizing them in package modules, and building them." msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:317 msgid "A tutorial on how to add packages to Guix." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:328 msgid "GNU Guix stands out as the @emph{hackable} package manager, mostly because it uses @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/, GNU Guile}, a powerful high-level programming language, one of the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29, Scheme} dialects from the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29, Lisp family}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:332 msgid "Package definitions are also written in Scheme, which empowers Guix in some very unique ways, unlike most other package managers that use shell scripts or simple languages." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:337 msgid "Use functions, structures, macros and all of Scheme expressiveness for your package definitions." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:341 msgid "Inheritance makes it easy to customize a package by inheriting from it and modifying only what is needed." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:351 msgid "Batch processing: the whole package collection can be parsed, filtered and processed. Building a headless server with all graphical interfaces stripped out? It's possible. Want to rebuild everything from source using specific compiler optimization flags? Pass the @code{#:make-flags \"...\"} argument to the list of packages. It wouldn't be a stretch to think @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, Gentoo USE flags} here, but this goes even further: the changes don't have to be thought out beforehand by the packager, they can be @emph{programmed} by the user!" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:357 msgid "The following tutorial covers all the basics around package creation with Guix. It does not assume much knowledge of the Guix system nor of the Lisp language. The reader is only expected to be familiar with the command line and to have some basic programming knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:358 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:359 #, no-wrap msgid "A ``Hello World'' package" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:364 msgid "The ``Defining Packages'' section of the manual introduces the basics of Guix packaging (@pxref{Defining Packages,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). In the following section, we will partly go over those basics again." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:370 msgid "GNU@tie{}Hello is a dummy project that serves as an idiomatic example for packaging. It uses the GNU build system (@code{./configure && make && make install}). Guix already provides a package definition which is a perfect example to start with. You can look up its declaration with @code{guix edit hello} from the command line. Let's see how it looks:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:391 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public hello\n" " (package\n" " (name \"hello\")\n" " (version \"2.10\")\n" " (source (origin\n" " (method url-fetch)\n" " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n" " \".tar.gz\"))\n" " (sha256\n" " (base32\n" " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n" " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n" " (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n" " (description\n" " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n" "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n" "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n" " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n" " (license gpl3+)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:395 msgid "As you can see, most of it is rather straightforward. But let's review the fields together:" msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:397 #, no-wrap msgid "name" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:400 msgid "The project name. Using Scheme conventions, we prefer to keep it lower case, without underscore and using dash-separated words." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:401 #, no-wrap msgid "source" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:404 msgid "This field contains a description of the source code origin. The @code{origin} record contains these fields:" msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:406 #, no-wrap msgid "The method, here @code{url-fetch} to download via HTTP/FTP, but other methods" msgstr "" #. type: enumerate #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408 msgid "exist, such as @code{git-fetch} for Git repositories." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408 #, no-wrap msgid "The URI, which is typically some @code{https://} location for @code{url-fetch}. Here" msgstr "" #. type: enumerate #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:411 msgid "the special `mirror://gnu` refers to a set of well known locations, all of which can be used by Guix to fetch the source, should some of them fail." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:411 #, no-wrap msgid "The @code{sha256} checksum of the requested file. This is essential to ensure" msgstr "" #. type: enumerate #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:414 msgid "the source is not corrupted. Note that Guix works with base32 strings, hence the call to the @code{base32} function." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:416 #, no-wrap msgid "build-system" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:425 msgid "This is where the power of abstraction provided by the Scheme language really shines: in this case, the @code{gnu-build-system} abstracts away the famous @code{./configure && make && make install} shell invocations. Other build systems include the @code{trivial-build-system} which does not do anything and requires from the packager to program all the build steps, the @code{python-build-system}, the @code{emacs-build-system}, and many more (@pxref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:426 #, no-wrap msgid "synopsis" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:429 msgid "It should be a concise summary of what the package does. For many packages a tagline from the project's home page can be used as the synopsis." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:430 #, no-wrap msgid "description" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:433 msgid "Same as for the synopsis, it's fine to re-use the project description from the homepage. Note that Guix uses Texinfo syntax." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:434 #, no-wrap msgid "home-page" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:436 msgid "Use HTTPS if available." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:437 #, no-wrap msgid "license" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:440 msgid "See @code{guix/licenses.scm} in the project source for a full list of available licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:444 msgid "Time to build our first package! Nothing fancy here for now: we will stick to a dummy @code{my-hello}, a copy of the above declaration." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:448 msgid "As with the ritualistic ``Hello World'' taught with most programming languages, this will possibly be the most ``manual'' approach. We will work out an ideal setup later; for now we will go the simplest route." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:450 msgid "Save the following to a file @file{my-hello.scm}." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:456 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(use-modules (guix packages)\n" " (guix download)\n" " (guix build-system gnu)\n" " (guix licenses))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:475 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(package\n" " (name \"my-hello\")\n" " (version \"2.10\")\n" " (source (origin\n" " (method url-fetch)\n" " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n" " \".tar.gz\"))\n" " (sha256\n" " (base32\n" " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n" " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n" " (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n" " (description\n" " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n" "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n" "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n" " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n" " (license gpl3+))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:478 msgid "We will explain the extra code in a moment." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:485 msgid "Feel free to play with the different values of the various fields. If you change the source, you'll need to update the checksum. Indeed, Guix refuses to build anything if the given checksum does not match the computed checksum of the source code. To obtain the correct checksum of the package declaration, we need to download the source, compute the sha256 checksum and convert it to base32." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:488 msgid "Thankfully, Guix can automate this task for us; all we need is to provide the URI:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:492 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:499 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n" "From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n" "following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n" " …10.tar.gz 709KiB 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n" "/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n" "0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:504 msgid "In this specific case the output tells us which mirror was chosen. If the result of the above command is not the same as in the above snippet, update your @code{my-hello} declaration accordingly." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:508 msgid "Note that GNU package tarballs come with an OpenPGP signature, so you should definitely check the signature of this tarball with `gpg` to authenticate it before going further:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:512 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:527 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n" "From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n" "following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n" " ….tar.gz.sig 819B 1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n" "/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n" "0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n" "$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n" "gpg: Signature made Sun 16 Nov 2014 01:08:37 PM CET\n" "gpg: using RSA key A9553245FDE9B739\n" "gpg: Good signature from \"Sami Kerola \" [unknown]\n" "gpg: aka \"Sami Kerola (http://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) \" [unknown]\n" "gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!\n" "gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.\n" "Primary key fingerprint: 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005 30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:530 msgid "You can then happily run" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:534 #, no-wrap msgid "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:537 msgid "You should now have @code{my-hello} in your profile!" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:543 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n" "my-hello\t2.10\tout\n" "/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:548 msgid "We've gone as far as we could without any knowledge of Scheme. Before moving on to more complex packages, now is the right time to brush up on your Scheme knowledge. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} to get up to speed." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:549 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:550 #, no-wrap msgid "Setup" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:555 msgid "In the rest of this chapter we will rely on some basic Scheme programming knowledge. Now let's detail the different possible setups for working on Guix packages." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:557 msgid "There are several ways to set up a Guix packaging environment." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:560 msgid "We recommend you work directly on the Guix source checkout since it makes it easier for everyone to contribute to the project." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:562 msgid "But first, let's look at other possibilities." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:563 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:564 #, no-wrap msgid "Local file" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:569 msgid "This is what we previously did with @samp{my-hello}. With the Scheme basics we've covered, we are now able to explain the leading chunks. As stated in @code{guix package --help}:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:574 #, no-wrap msgid "" " -f, --install-from-file=FILE\n" " install the package that the code within FILE\n" " evaluates to\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:578 msgid "Thus the last expression @emph{must} return a package, which is the case in our earlier example." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:582 msgid "The @code{use-modules} expression tells which of the modules we need in the file. Modules are a collection of values and procedures. They are commonly called ``libraries'' or ``packages'' in other programming languages." msgstr "" #. type: node #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:583 #, no-wrap msgid "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}" msgstr "" #. type: samp{#1} #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:584 #, no-wrap msgid "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH" msgstr "" #. type: emph{#1} #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:588 msgid "Note: Starting from Guix 0.16, the more flexible Guix @dfn{channels} are the preferred way and supersede @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. See next section." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:592 msgid "It can be tedious to specify the file from the command line instead of simply calling @code{guix package --install my-hello} as you would do with the official packages." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:595 msgid "Guix makes it possible to streamline the process by adding as many ``package declaration directories'' as you want." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:598 msgid "Create a directory, say @file{~/guix-packages} and add it to the @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} environment variable:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:602 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n" "$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:605 msgid "To add several directories, separate them with a colon (@code{:})." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:607 msgid "Our previous @samp{my-hello} needs some adjustments though:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:614 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-module (my-hello)\n" " #:use-module (guix licenses)\n" " #:use-module (guix packages)\n" " #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n" " #:use-module (guix download))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:634 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public my-hello\n" " (package\n" " (name \"my-hello\")\n" " (version \"2.10\")\n" " (source (origin\n" " (method url-fetch)\n" " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n" " \".tar.gz\"))\n" " (sha256\n" " (base32\n" " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n" " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n" " (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n" " (description\n" " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n" "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n" "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n" " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n" " (license gpl3+)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:640 msgid "Note that we have assigned the package value to an exported variable name with @code{define-public}. This is effectively assigning the package to the @code{my-hello} variable so that it can be referenced, among other as dependency of other packages." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:645 msgid "If you use @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} on the above file, it will fail because the last expression, @code{define-public}, does not return a package. If you want to use @code{define-public} in this use-case nonetheless, make sure the file ends with an evaluation of @code{my-hello}:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:651 #, no-wrap msgid "" "; ...\n" "(define-public my-hello\n" " ; ...\n" " )\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:653 #, no-wrap msgid "my-hello\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:656 msgid "This last example is not very typical." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:659 msgid "Now @samp{my-hello} should be part of the package collection like all other official packages. You can verify this with:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:662 #, no-wrap msgid "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n" msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:664 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:665 #, no-wrap msgid "Guix channels" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:671 msgid "Guix 0.16 features channels, which is very similar to @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} but provides better integration and provenance tracking. Channels are not necessarily local, they can be maintained as a public Git repository for instance. Of course, several channels can be used at the same time." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:673 msgid "@xref{Channels,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for setup details." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:674 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:675 #, no-wrap msgid "Direct checkout hacking" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:680 msgid "Working directly on the Guix project is recommended: it reduces the friction when the time comes to submit your changes upstream to let the community benefit from your hard work!" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:686 msgid "Unlike most software distributions, the Guix repository holds in one place both the tooling (including the package manager) and the package definitions. This choice was made so that it would give developers the flexibility to modify the API without breakage by updating all packages at the same time. This reduces development inertia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:688 msgid "Check out the official @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} repository:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:691 #, no-wrap msgid "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:695 msgid "In the rest of this article, we use @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} to refer to the location of the checkout." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:699 msgid "Follow the instructions in the manual (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) to set up the repository environment." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:702 msgid "Once ready, you should be able to use the package definitions from the repository environment." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:704 msgid "Feel free to edit package definitions found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:708 msgid "The @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} script lets you use @samp{guix} over the package collection of the repository (@pxref{Running Guix Before It Is Installed,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:712 msgid "Search packages, such as Ruby:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:719 #, no-wrap msgid "" " $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n" " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n" " ruby 1.8.7-p374 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n" " ruby 2.1.6 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n" " ruby 2.2.2 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:723 msgid "Build a package, here Ruby version 2.1:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:727 #, no-wrap msgid "" " $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n" " /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:731 msgid "Install it to your user profile:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:734 #, no-wrap msgid " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:738 msgid "Check for common mistakes:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:741 #, no-wrap msgid " $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:746 msgid "Guix strives at maintaining a high packaging standard; when contributing to the Guix project, remember to" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:750 msgid "follow the coding style (@pxref{Coding Style,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})," msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:752 msgid "and review the check list from the manual (@pxref{Submitting Patches,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:756 msgid "Once you are happy with the result, you are welcome to send your contribution to make it part of Guix. This process is also detailed in the manual. (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:759 msgid "It's a community effort so the more join in, the better Guix becomes!" msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:760 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:761 #, no-wrap msgid "Extended example" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:766 msgid "The above ``Hello World'' example is as simple as it goes. Packages can be more complex than that and Guix can handle more advanced scenarios. Let's look at another, more sophisticated package (slightly modified from the source):" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:780 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n" " #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n" " #:use-module (guix utils)\n" " #:use-module (guix packages)\n" " #:use-module (guix git-download)\n" " #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n" " #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n" " #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n" " #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n" " #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n" " #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n" " #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:840 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public my-libgit2\n" " (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n" " (revision \"1\"))\n" " (package\n" " (name \"my-libgit2\")\n" " (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n" " (source (origin\n" " (method git-fetch)\n" " (uri (git-reference\n" " (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n" " (commit commit)))\n" " (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n" " (sha256\n" " (base32\n" " \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n" " (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n" " (modules '((guix build utils)))\n" " (snippet '(begin\n" " ;; Remove bundled software.\n" " (delete-file-recursively \"deps\")\n" " #true))))\n" " (build-system cmake-build-system)\n" " (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n" " (arguments\n" " `(#:tests? #true ; Run the test suite (this is the default)\n" " #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision detection\n" " #:phases\n" " (modify-phases %standard-phases\n" " (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n" " (lambda _\n" " (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n" " ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n" " (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n" " ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n" " ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))\n" " #true))\n" " ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n" " (replace 'check\n" " (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n" " (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n" " (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n" " (inputs\n" " `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n" " (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n" " (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n" " (native-inputs\n" " `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n" " (propagated-inputs\n" " ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n" " `((\"openssl\" ,openssl)\n" " (\"zlib\" ,zlib)))\n" " (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n" " (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n" " (description\n" " \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n" "provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n" "write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n" " ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n" " (license license:gpl2))))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:845 msgid "(In those cases were you only want to tweak a few fields from a package definition, you should rely on inheritance instead of copy-pasting everything. See below.)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:847 msgid "Let's discuss those fields in depth." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:848 #, no-wrap msgid "@code{git-fetch} method" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:855 msgid "Unlike the @code{url-fetch} method, @code{git-fetch} expects a @code{git-reference} which takes a Git repository and a commit. The commit can be any Git reference such as tags, so if the @code{version} is tagged, then it can be used directly. Sometimes the tag is prefixed with a @code{v}, in which case you'd use @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:859 msgid "To ensure that the source code from the Git repository is stored in a directory with a descriptive name, we use @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:864 msgid "The @code{git-version} procedure can be used to derive the version when packaging programs for a specific commit, following the Guix contributor guidelines (@pxref{Version Numbers,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:868 msgid "How does one obtain the @code{sha256} hash that's in there, you ask? By invoking @command{guix hash} on a checkout of the desired commit, along these lines:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:874 #, no-wrap msgid "" "git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n" "cd libgit2\n" "git checkout v0.26.6\n" "guix hash -rx .\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:879 msgid "@command{guix hash -rx} computes a SHA256 hash over the whole directory, excluding the @file{.git} sub-directory (@pxref{Invoking guix hash,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:882 msgid "In the future, @command{guix download} will hopefully be able to do these steps for you, just like it does for regular downloads." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:883 #, no-wrap msgid "Snippets" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:889 msgid "Snippets are quoted (i.e. non-evaluated) Scheme code that are a means of patching the source. They are a Guix-y alternative to the traditional @file{.patch} files. Because of the quote, the code in only evaluated when passed to the Guix daemon for building. There can be as many snippets as needed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:892 msgid "Snippets might need additional Guile modules which can be imported from the @code{modules} field." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:893 #, no-wrap msgid "Inputs" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:896 msgid "First, a syntactic comment: See the quasi-quote / comma syntax?" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:900 #, no-wrap msgid "" " (native-inputs\n" " `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:903 msgid "is equivalent to" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:907 #, no-wrap msgid "" " (native-inputs\n" " (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:910 msgid "You'll mostly see the former because it's shorter." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:912 msgid "There are 3 different input types. In short:" msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:914 #, no-wrap msgid "native-inputs" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:917 msgid "Required for building but not runtime -- installing a package through a substitute won't install these inputs." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:917 #, no-wrap msgid "inputs" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:920 msgid "Installed in the store but not in the profile, as well as being present at build time." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:920 #, no-wrap msgid "propagated-inputs" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:923 msgid "Installed in the store and in the profile, as well as being present at build time." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:926 msgid "@xref{Package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for more details." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:930 msgid "The distinction between the various inputs is important: if a dependency can be handled as an @emph{input} instead of a @emph{propagated input}, it should be done so, or else it ``pollutes'' the user profile for no good reason." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:937 msgid "For instance, a user installing a graphical program that depends on a command line tool might only be interested in the graphical part, so there is no need to force the command line tool into the user profile. The dependency is a concern to the package, not to the user. @emph{Inputs} make it possible to handle dependencies without bugging the user by adding undesired executable files (or libraries) to their profile." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:943 msgid "Same goes for @emph{native-inputs}: once the program is installed, build-time dependencies can be safely garbage-collected. It also matters when a substitute is available, in which case only the @emph{inputs} and @emph{propagated inputs} will be fetched: the @emph{native inputs} are not required to install a package from a substitute." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:944 #, no-wrap msgid "Outputs" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:948 msgid "Just like how a package can have multiple inputs, it can also produce multiple outputs." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:950 msgid "Each output corresponds to a separate directory in the store." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:953 msgid "The user can choose which output to install; this is useful to save space or to avoid polluting the user profile with unwanted executables or libraries." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:956 msgid "Output separation is optional. When the @code{outputs} field is left out, the default and only output (the complete package) is referred to as @code{\"out\"}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:958 msgid "Typical separate output names include @code{debug} and @code{doc}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:962 msgid "It's advised to separate outputs only when you've shown it's worth it: if the output size is significant (compare with @code{guix size}) or in case the package is modular." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:963 #, no-wrap msgid "Build system arguments" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:966 msgid "The @code{arguments} is a keyword-value list used to configure the build process." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:971 msgid "The simplest argument @code{#:tests?} can be used to disable the test suite when building the package. This is mostly useful when the package does not feature any test suite. It's strongly recommended to keep the test suite on if there is one." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:975 msgid "Another common argument is @code{:make-flags}, which specifies a list of flags to append when running make, as you would from the command line. For instance, the following flags" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:979 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n" " \"CC=gcc\")\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:982 msgid "translate into" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:985 #, no-wrap msgid "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:991 msgid "This sets the C compiler to @code{gcc} and the @code{prefix} variable (the installation directory in Make parlance) to @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, which is a build-stage global variable pointing to the destination directory in the store (something like @file{/gnu/store/...-my-libgit2-20180408})." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:993 msgid "Similarly, it's possible to set the configure flags:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:996 #, no-wrap msgid "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1000 msgid "The @code{%build-inputs} variable is also generated in scope. It's an association table that maps the input names to their store directories." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1005 msgid "The @code{phases} keyword lists the sequential steps of the build system. Typically phases include @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} and @code{check}. To know more about those phases, you need to work out the appropriate build system definition in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm}:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1024 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define %standard-phases\n" " ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n" " (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n" " ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n" " (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n" " bootstrap\n" " patch-usr-bin-file\n" " patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n" " build check install\n" " patch-shebangs strip\n" " validate-runpath\n" " validate-documentation-location\n" " delete-info-dir-file\n" " patch-dot-desktop-files\n" " install-license-files\n" " reset-gzip-timestamps\n" " compress-documentation)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1027 msgid "Or from the REPL:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1033 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n" ",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n" "(map first %standard-phases)\n" "@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1037 msgid "If you want to know more about what happens during those phases, consult the associated procedures." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1040 msgid "For instance, as of this writing the definition of @code{unpack} for the GNU build system is:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1050 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n" " \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n" "source. When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n" "working directory.\"\n" " (if (file-is-directory? source)\n" " (begin\n" " (mkdir \"source\")\n" " (chdir \"source\")\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1061 #, no-wrap msgid "" " ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n" " ;; things work deterministically.\n" " (copy-recursively source \".\"\n" " #:keep-mtime? #true))\n" " (begin\n" " (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n" " (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n" " (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n" " (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n" " #true)\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1069 msgid "Note the @code{chdir} call: it changes the working directory to where the source was unpacked. Thus every phase following the @code{unpack} will use the source as a working directory, which is why we can directly work on the source files. That is to say, unless a later phase changes the working directory to something else." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1073 msgid "We modify the list of @code{%standard-phases} of the build system with the @code{modify-phases} macro as per the list of specified modifications, which may have the following forms:" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1077 msgid "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Run @var{procedure} named @var{new-phase} before @var{phase}." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1079 msgid "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Same, but afterwards." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1081 msgid "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procedure})}." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1083 msgid "@code{(delete @var{phase})}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1090 msgid "The @var{procedure} supports the keyword arguments @code{inputs} and @code{outputs}. Each input (whether @emph{native}, @emph{propagated} or not) and output directory is referenced by their name in those variables. Thus @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} is the store directory of the main output of the package. A phase procedure may look like this:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1098 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n" " (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n" " (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n" " (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n" " ;; ...\n" " #true))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1104 msgid "The procedure must return @code{#true} on success. It's brittle to rely on the return value of the last expression used to tweak the phase because there is no guarantee it would be a @code{#true}. Hence the trailing @code{#true} to ensure the right value is returned on success." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1105 #, no-wrap msgid "Code staging" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1111 msgid "The astute reader may have noticed the quasi-quote and comma syntax in the argument field. Indeed, the build code in the package declaration should not be evaluated on the client side, but only when passed to the Guix daemon. This mechanism of passing code around two running processes is called @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, code staging}." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1112 #, no-wrap msgid "Utility functions" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1117 msgid "When customizing @code{phases}, we often need to write code that mimics the equivalent system invocations (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc.)@: commonly used during regular ``Unix-style'' installations." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1120 msgid "Some like @code{chmod} are native to Guile. @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} for a complete list." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1123 msgid "Guix provides additional helper functions which prove especially handy in the context of package management." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1127 msgid "Some of those functions can be found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. Most of them mirror the behaviour of the traditional Unix system commands:" msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1129 #, no-wrap msgid "which" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1131 msgid "Like the @samp{which} system command." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1131 #, no-wrap msgid "find-files" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1133 msgid "Akin to the @samp{find} system command." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1133 #, no-wrap msgid "mkdir-p" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1135 msgid "Like @samp{mkdir -p}, which creates all parents as needed." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1135 #, no-wrap msgid "install-file" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1139 msgid "Similar to @samp{install} when installing a file to a (possibly non-existing) directory. Guile has @code{copy-file} which works like @samp{cp}." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1139 #, no-wrap msgid "copy-recursively" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1141 msgid "Like @samp{cp -r}." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1141 #, no-wrap msgid "delete-file-recursively" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1143 msgid "Like @samp{rm -rf}." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1143 #, no-wrap msgid "invoke" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1145 msgid "Run an executable. This should be used instead of @code{system*}." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1145 #, no-wrap msgid "with-directory-excursion" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1148 msgid "Run the body in a different working directory, then restore the previous working directory." msgstr "" #. type: item #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1148 #, no-wrap msgid "substitute*" msgstr "" #. type: table #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1150 msgid "A ``@command{sed}-like'' function." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1154 msgid "@xref{Build Utilities,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on these utilities." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1155 #, no-wrap msgid "Module prefix" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1165 msgid "The license in our last example needs a prefix: this is because of how the @code{license} module was imported in the package, as @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)}. The Guile module import mechanism (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual}) gives the user full control over namespacing: this is needed to avoid clashes between, say, the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{licenses.scm} (a @emph{license} value) and the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{compression.scm} (a @emph{package} value)." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1166 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1167 #, no-wrap msgid "Other build systems" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1174 msgid "What we've seen so far covers the majority of packages using a build system other than the @code{trivial-build-system}. The latter does not automate anything and leaves you to build everything manually. This can be more demanding and we won't cover it here for now, but thankfully it is rarely necessary to fall back on this system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1178 msgid "For the other build systems, such as ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby and many more, the process is very similar to the GNU build system except for a few specialized arguments." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1183 msgid "@xref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on build systems, or check the source code in the @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} and @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system} directories." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1184 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1185 #, no-wrap msgid "Programmable and automated package definition" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1189 msgid "We can't repeat it enough: having a full-fledged programming language at hand empowers us in ways that reach far beyond traditional package management." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1191 msgid "Let's illustrate this with some awesome features of Guix!" msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1192 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1193 #, no-wrap msgid "Recursive importers" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1200 msgid "You might find some build systems good enough that there is little to do at all to write a package, to the point that it becomes repetitive and tedious after a while. A @emph{raison d'être} of computers is to replace human beings at those boring tasks. So let's tell Guix to do this for us and create the package definition of an R package from CRAN (the output is trimmed for conciseness):" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1203 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1207 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public r-mc2d\n" " ; ...\n" " (license gpl2+)))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1211 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public r-jmvcore\n" " ; ...\n" " (license gpl2+)))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1215 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public r-wrs2\n" " ; ...\n" " (license gpl3)))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1244 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public r-walrus\n" " (package\n" " (name \"r-walrus\")\n" " (version \"1.0.3\")\n" " (source\n" " (origin\n" " (method url-fetch)\n" " (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n" " (sha256\n" " (base32\n" " \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n" " (build-system r-build-system)\n" " (propagated-inputs\n" " `((\"r-ggplot2\" ,r-ggplot2)\n" " (\"r-jmvcore\" ,r-jmvcore)\n" " (\"r-r6\" ,r-r6)\n" " (\"r-wrs2\" ,r-wrs2)))\n" " (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n" " (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n" " (description\n" " \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n" "tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n" "It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n" " for more information). Walrus is based on the\n" "WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n" "work of Rand Wilcox. These analyses are described in depth in the book\n" "'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n" " (license gpl3)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1248 msgid "The recursive importer won't import packages for which Guix already has package definitions, except for the very first." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1253 msgid "Not all applications can be packaged this way, only those relying on a select number of supported systems. Read about the full list of importers in the guix import section of the manual (@pxref{Invoking guix import,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1254 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1255 #, no-wrap msgid "Automatic update" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1259 msgid "Guix can be smart enough to check for updates on systems it knows. It can report outdated package definitions with" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1262 #, no-wrap msgid "$ guix refresh hello\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1267 msgid "In most cases, updating a package to a newer version requires little more than changing the version number and the checksum. Guix can do that automatically as well:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1270 #, no-wrap msgid "$ guix refresh hello --update\n" msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1272 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1273 #, no-wrap msgid "Inheritance" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1277 msgid "If you've started browsing the existing package definitions, you might have noticed that a significant number of them have a @code{inherit} field:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1293 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n" " (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n" " (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n" " (version \"3.26.1\")\n" " (source (origin\n" " (method url-fetch)\n" " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n" " (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n" " name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n" " (sha256\n" " (base32\n" " \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n" " (native-inputs\n" " `((\"gtk-encode-symbolic-svg\" ,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1298 msgid "All unspecified fields are inherited from the parent package. This is very convenient to create alternative packages, for instance with different source, version or compilation options." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1299 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1300 #, no-wrap msgid "Getting help" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1306 msgid "Sadly, some applications can be tough to package. Sometimes they need a patch to work with the non-standard file system hierarchy enforced by the store. Sometimes the tests won't run properly. (They can be skipped but this is not recommended.) Other times the resulting package won't be reproducible." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1309 msgid "Should you be stuck, unable to figure out how to fix any sort of packaging issue, don't hesitate to ask the community for help." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1311 msgid "See the @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/contact/, Guix homepage} for information on the mailing lists, IRC, etc." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1312 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1313 #, no-wrap msgid "Conclusion" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1319 msgid "This tutorial was a showcase of the sophisticated package management that Guix boasts. At this point we have mostly restricted this introduction to the @code{gnu-build-system} which is a core abstraction layer on which more advanced abstractions are based." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1324 msgid "Where do we go from here? Next we ought to dissect the innards of the build system by removing all abstractions, using the @code{trivial-build-system}: this should give us a thorough understanding of the process before investigating some more advanced packaging techniques and edge cases." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1327 msgid "Other features worth exploring are the interactive editing and debugging capabilities of Guix provided by the Guile REPL@." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1332 msgid "Those fancy features are completely optional and can wait; now is a good time to take a well-deserved break. With what we've introduced here you should be well armed to package lots of programs. You can get started right away and hopefully we will see your contributions soon!" msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1333 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1334 #, no-wrap msgid "References" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1339 msgid "The @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Defining-Packages.html, package reference in the manual}" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1342 msgid "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, Pjotr’s hacking guide to GNU Guix}" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1345 msgid "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, ``GNU Guix: Package without a scheme!''}, by Andreas Enge" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1354 msgid "Guix offers a flexible language for declaratively configuring your Guix System. This flexibility can at times be overwhelming. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced configuration concepts." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1357 msgid "@pxref{System Configuration,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference." msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1655 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1656 #, no-wrap msgid "Guix System Image API" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 msgid "Customizing images to target specific platforms." msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1866 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1867 #, no-wrap msgid "Connecting to Wireguard VPN" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 msgid "Connecting to a Wireguard VPN." msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1943 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1944 #, no-wrap msgid "Customizing a Window Manager" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 msgid "Handle customization of a Window manager on Guix System." msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2034 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2035 #, no-wrap msgid "Running Guix on a Linode Server" msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2277 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2278 #, no-wrap msgid "Setting up a bind mount" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 msgid "Setting up a bind mount in the file-systems definition." msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2326 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2327 #, no-wrap msgid "Getting substitutes from Tor" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 msgid "Configuring Guix daemon to get substitutes through Tor." msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2388 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2389 #, no-wrap msgid "Setting up NGINX with Lua" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1368 msgid "Configuring NGINX web-server to load Lua modules." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1380 msgid "While the Guix manual explains auto-login one user to @emph{all} TTYs ( @pxref{auto-login to TTY,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), some might prefer a situation, in which one user is logged into one TTY with the other TTYs either configured to login different users or no one at all. Note that one can auto-login one user to any TTY, but it is usually advisable to avoid @code{tty1}, which, by default, is used to log warnings and errors." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1382 msgid "Here is how one might set up auto login for one user to one tty:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1390 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define (auto-login-to-tty config tty user)\n" " (if (string=? tty (mingetty-configuration-tty config))\n" " (mingetty-configuration\n" " (inherit config)\n" " (auto-login user))\n" " config))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1397 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define %my-services\n" " (modify-services %base-services\n" " ;; @dots{}\n" " (mingetty-service-type config =>\n" " (auto-login-to-tty\n" " config \"tty3\" \"alice\"))))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1401 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(operating-system\n" " ;; @dots{}\n" " (services %my-services))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1406 msgid "One could also @code{compose} (@pxref{Higher-Order Functions,,, guile, The Guile Reference Manual}) @code{auto-login-to-tty} to login multiple users to multiple ttys." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1413 msgid "Finally, here is a note of caution. Setting up auto login to a TTY, means that anyone can turn on your computer and run commands as your regular user. However, if you have an encrypted root partition, and thus already need to enter a passphrase when the system boots, auto-login might be a convenient option." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1425 msgid "Guix is, at its core, a source based distribution with substitutes (@pxref{Substitutes,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), and as such building packages from their source code is an expected part of regular package installations and upgrades. Given this starting point, it makes sense that efforts are made to reduce the amount of time spent compiling packages, and recent changes and upgrades to the building and distribution of substitutes continues to be a topic of discussion within Guix." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1431 msgid "The kernel, while not requiring an overabundance of RAM to build, does take a rather long time on an average machine. The official kernel configuration, as is the case with many GNU/Linux distributions, errs on the side of inclusiveness, and this is really what causes the build to take such a long time when the kernel is built from source." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1436 msgid "The Linux kernel, however, can also just be described as a regular old package, and as such can be customized just like any other package. The procedure is a little bit different, although this is primarily due to the nature of how the package definition is written." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1439 msgid "The @code{linux-libre} kernel package definition is actually a procedure which creates a package." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1451 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems\n" " #:key\n" " ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n" " ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n" " (extra-version #false)\n" " (configuration-file #false)\n" " (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n" " (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options)\n" " (patches (list %boot-logo-patch)))\n" " ...)\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1455 msgid "The current @code{linux-libre} package is for the 5.1.x series, and is declared like this:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1463 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public linux-libre\n" " (make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version\n" " %linux-libre-hash\n" " '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\")\n" " #:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches\n" " #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1472 msgid "Any keys which are not assigned values inherit their default value from the @code{make-linux-libre} definition. When comparing the two snippets above, you may notice that the code comment in the first doesn't actually refer to the @code{#:extra-version} keyword; it is actually for @code{#:configuration-file}. Because of this, it is not actually easy to include a custom kernel configuration from the definition, but don't worry, there are other ways to work with what we do have." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1478 msgid "There are two ways to create a kernel with a custom kernel configuration. The first is to provide a standard @file{.config} file during the build process by including an actual @file{.config} file as a native input to our custom kernel. The following is a snippet from the custom @code{'configure} phase of the @code{make-linux-libre} package definition:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1482 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(let ((build (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n" " (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1490 #, no-wrap msgid "" " ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n" " ;; configuration file.\n" " (if config\n" " (begin\n" " (copy-file config \".config\")\n" " (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n" " (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1495 msgid "Below is a sample kernel package. The @code{linux-libre} package is nothing special and can be inherited from and have its fields overridden like any other package:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1504 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n" " (package\n" " (inherit linux-libre)\n" " (native-inputs\n" " `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n" " ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n" " (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1511 msgid "In the same directory as the file defining @code{linux-libre-E2140} is a file named @file{E2140.config}, which is an actual kernel configuration file. The @code{defconfig} keyword of @code{make-linux-libre} is left blank here, so the only kernel configuration in the package is the one which was included in the @code{native-inputs} field." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1516 msgid "The second way to create a custom kernel is to pass a new value to the @code{extra-options} keyword of the @code{make-linux-libre} procedure. The @code{extra-options} keyword works with another function defined right below it:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1532 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define %default-extra-linux-options\n" " `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n" " (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n" " ;; Modules required for initrd:\n" " (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n" " (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n" " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n" " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n" " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n" " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n" " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n" " (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n" " (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n" " (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1543 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define (config->string options)\n" " (string-join (map (match-lambda\n" " ((option . 'm)\n" " (string-append option \"=m\"))\n" " ((option . #true)\n" " (string-append option \"=y\"))\n" " ((option . #false)\n" " (string-append option \"=n\")))\n" " options)\n" " \"\\n\"))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1546 msgid "And in the custom configure script from the `make-linux-libre` package:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1554 #, no-wrap msgid "" ";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n" ";; file. The last one prevails if duplicated.\n" "(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n" " (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n" " (display extra-configuration port)\n" " (close-port port))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1556 #, no-wrap msgid "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1561 msgid "So by not providing a configuration-file the @file{.config} starts blank, and then we write into it the collection of flags that we want. Here's another custom kernel:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1569 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define %macbook41-full-config\n" " (append %macbook41-config-options\n" " %file-systems\n" " %efi-support\n" " %emulation\n" " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1579 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n" " ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is\n" " ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n" " ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-version)\n" " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash)\n" " '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n" " #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n" " #:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-5.1-patches)\n" " #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1586 msgid "In the above example @code{%file-systems} is a collection of flags enabling different file system support, @code{%efi-support} enables EFI support and @code{%emulation} enables a x86_64-linux machine to act in 32-bit mode also. @code{%default-extra-linux-options} are the ones quoted above, which had to be added in since they were replaced in the @code{extra-options} keyword." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1595 msgid "This all sounds like it should be doable, but how does one even know which modules are required for a particular system? Two places that can be helpful in trying to answer this question is the @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, Gentoo Handbook} and the @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation from the kernel itself}. From the kernel documentation, it seems that @code{make localmodconfig} is the command we want." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1598 msgid "In order to actually run @code{make localmodconfig} we first need to get and unpack the kernel source code:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1601 #, no-wrap msgid "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1608 msgid "Once inside the directory containing the source code run @code{touch .config} to create an initial, empty @file{.config} to start with. @code{make localmodconfig} works by seeing what you already have in @file{.config} and letting you know what you're missing. If the file is blank then you're missing everything. The next step is to run:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1611 #, no-wrap msgid "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1616 msgid "and note the output. Do note that the @file{.config} file is still empty. The output generally contains two types of warnings. The first start with \"WARNING\" and can actually be ignored in our case. The second read:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1619 #, no-wrap msgid "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1624 msgid "For each of these lines, copy the @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} portion into the @file{.config} in the directory, and append @code{=m}, so in the end it looks like this:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1628 #, no-wrap msgid "" "CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n" "CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1637 msgid "After copying all the configuration options, run @code{make localmodconfig} again to make sure that you don't have any output starting with ``module''. After all of these machine specific modules there are a couple more left that are also needed. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} is necessary so that you can build and load modules separately and not have everything built into the kernel. @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} is required for reading from hard drives. It is possible that there are other modules which you will need." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1641 msgid "This post does not aim to be a guide to configuring your own kernel however, so if you do decide to build a custom kernel you'll have to seek out other guides to create a kernel which is just right for your needs." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1649 msgid "The second way to setup the kernel configuration makes more use of Guix's features and allows you to share configuration segments between different kernels. For example, all machines using EFI to boot have a number of EFI configuration flags that they need. It is likely that all the kernels will share a list of file systems to support. By using variables it is easier to see at a glance what features are enabled and to make sure you don't have features in one kernel but missing in another." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1654 msgid "Left undiscussed however, is Guix's initrd and its customization. It is likely that you'll need to modify the initrd on a machine using a custom kernel, since certain modules which are expected to be built may not be available for inclusion into the initrd." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1661 msgid "Historically, Guix System is centered around an @code{operating-system} structure. This structure contains various fields ranging from the bootloader and kernel declaration to the services to install." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1667 msgid "Depending on the target machine, that can go from a standard @code{x86_64} machine to a small ARM single board computer such as the Pine64, the image constraints can vary a lot. The hardware manufacturers will impose different image formats with various partition sizes and offsets." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1672 msgid "To create images suitable for all those machines, a new abstraction is necessary: that's the goal of the @code{image} record. This record contains all the required information to be transformed into a standalone image, that can be directly booted on any target machine." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1694 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-record-type* \n" " image make-image\n" " image?\n" " (name image-name ;symbol\n" " (default #f))\n" " (format image-format) ;symbol\n" " (target image-target\n" " (default #f))\n" " (size image-size ;size in bytes as integer\n" " (default 'guess))\n" " (operating-system image-operating-system ;\n" " (default #f))\n" " (partitions image-partitions ;list of \n" " (default '()))\n" " (compression? image-compression? ;boolean\n" " (default #t))\n" " (volatile-root? image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n" " (default #t))\n" " (substitutable? image-substitutable? ;boolean\n" " (default #t)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1700 msgid "This record contains the operating-system to instantiate. The @code{format} field defines the image type and can be @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} or @code{iso9660} for instance. In the future, it could be extended to @code{docker} or other image types." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1703 msgid "A new directory in the Guix sources is dedicated to images definition. For now there are four files:" msgstr "" #. type: file{#1} #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1705 #, no-wrap msgid "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm" msgstr "" #. type: file{#1} #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1706 #, no-wrap msgid "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm" msgstr "" #. type: file{#1} #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1707 #, no-wrap msgid "gnu/system/images/novena.scm" msgstr "" #. type: file{#1} #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1708 #, no-wrap msgid "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1714 msgid "Let's have a look to @file{pine64.scm}. It contains the @code{pine64-barebones-os} variable which is a minimal definition of an operating-system dedicated to the @b{Pine A64 LTS} board." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1738 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define pine64-barebones-os\n" " (operating-system\n" " (host-name \"vignemale\")\n" " (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n" " (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n" " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n" " (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n" " (targets '(\"/dev/vda\"))))\n" " (initrd-modules '())\n" " (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n" " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n" " (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n" " (mount-point \"/\")\n" " (type \"ext4\"))\n" " %base-file-systems))\n" " (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n" " (agetty-configuration\n" " (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n" " (baud-rate \"115200\")\n" " (term \"vt100\")\n" " (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n" " %base-services))))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1742 msgid "The @code{kernel} and @code{bootloader} fields are pointing to packages dedicated to this board." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1744 msgid "Right below, the @code{pine64-image-type} variable is also defined." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1750 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define pine64-image-type\n" " (image-type\n" " (name 'pine64-raw)\n" " (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1754 msgid "It's using a record we haven't talked about yet, the @code{image-type} record, defined this way:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1761 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define-record-type* \n" " image-type make-image-type\n" " image-type?\n" " (name image-type-name) ;symbol\n" " (constructor image-type-constructor)) ; -> \n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1767 msgid "The main purpose of this record is to associate a name to a procedure transforming an @code{operating-system} to an image. To understand why it is necessary, let's have a look to the command producing an image from an @code{operating-system} configuration file:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1770 #, no-wrap msgid "guix system image my-os.scm\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1776 msgid "This command expects an @code{operating-system} configuration but how should we indicate that we want an image targeting a Pine64 board? We need to provide an extra information, the @code{image-type}, by passing the @code{--image-type} or @code{-t} flag, this way:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1779 #, no-wrap msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1785 msgid "This @code{image-type} parameter points to the @code{pine64-image-type} defined above. Hence, the @code{operating-system} declared in @code{my-os.scm} will be applied the @code{(cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} procedure to turn it into an image." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1787 msgid "The resulting image looks like:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1797 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(image\n" " (format 'disk-image)\n" " (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n" " (operating-system my-os)\n" " (partitions\n" " (list (partition\n" " (inherit root-partition)\n" " (offset root-offset)))))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1801 msgid "which is the aggregation of the @code{operating-system} defined in @code{my-os.scm} to the @code{arm64-disk-image} record." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1803 msgid "But enough Scheme madness. What does this image API bring to the Guix user?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1805 msgid "One can run:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1809 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n" "The available image types are:\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1821 #, no-wrap msgid "" " - pinebook-pro-raw\n" " - pine64-raw\n" " - novena-raw\n" " - hurd-raw\n" " - hurd-qcow2\n" " - qcow2\n" " - uncompressed-iso9660\n" " - efi-raw\n" " - arm64-raw\n" " - arm32-raw\n" " - iso9660\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1826 msgid "and by writing an @code{operating-system} file based on @code{pine64-barebones-os}, you can customize your image to your preferences in a file (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) like this:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1830 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n" " (gnu system images pine64))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1841 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n" " (operating-system\n" " (inherit base-os)\n" " (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n" " (services\n" " (cons\n" " (service earlyoom-service-type\n" " (earlyoom-configuration\n" " (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n" " (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1844 msgid "run:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1847 #, no-wrap msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1850 msgid "or," msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1853 #, no-wrap msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1857 msgid "to get an image that can be written directly to a hard drive and booted from." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1859 msgid "Without changing anything to @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, calling:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1862 #, no-wrap msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1865 msgid "will instead produce a Hurd QEMU image." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1872 msgid "To connect to a Wireguard VPN server you need the kernel module to be loaded in memory and a package providing networking tools that support it (e.g. @code{wireguard-tools} or @code{network-manager})." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1876 msgid "Here is a configuration example for Linux-Libre < 5.6, where the module is out of tree and need to be loaded manually---following revisions of the kernel have it built-in and so don't need such configuration:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1881 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(use-modules (gnu))\n" "(use-service-modules desktop)\n" "(use-package-modules vpn)\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1890 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(operating-system\n" " ;; …\n" " (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n" " kernel-module-loader-service-type\n" " '(\"wireguard\"))\n" " %desktop-services))\n" " (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n" " (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1894 msgid "After reconfiguring and restarting your system you can either use Wireguard tools or NetworkManager to connect to a VPN server." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1895 #, no-wrap msgid "Using Wireguard tools" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1901 msgid "To test your Wireguard setup it is convenient to use @command{wg-quick}. Just give it a configuration file @command{wg-quick up ./wg0.conf}; or put that file in @file{/etc/wireguard} and run @command{wg-quick up wg0} instead." msgstr "" #. type: quotation #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1902 #, no-wrap msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: quotation #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1905 msgid "Be warned that the author described this command as a: “[…] very quick and dirty bash script […]”." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1907 #, no-wrap msgid "Using NetworkManager" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1915 msgid "Thanks to NetworkManager support for Wireguard we can connect to our VPN using @command{nmcli} command. Up to this point this guide assumes that you're using Network Manager service provided by @code{%desktop-services}. Ortherwise you need to adjust your services list to load @code{network-manager-service-type} and reconfigure your Guix system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1917 msgid "To import your VPN configuration execute nmcli import command:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1921 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n" "Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1926 msgid "This will create a configuration file in @file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}. Next connect to the Wireguard server:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1930 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ nmcli connection up wg0\n" "Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1934 msgid "By default NetworkManager will connect automatically on system boot. To change that behaviour you need to edit your config:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1937 #, no-wrap msgid "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1942 msgid "For more specific information about NetworkManager and wireguard @uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,see this post by thaller}." msgstr "" #. type: cindex #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1945 #, no-wrap msgid "wm" msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1947 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1948 #, no-wrap msgid "StumpWM" msgstr "" #. type: cindex #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1949 #, no-wrap msgid "stumpwm" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1954 msgid "You could install StumpWM with a Guix system by adding @code{stumpwm} and optionally @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} packages to a system configuration file, e.g.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1956 msgid "An example configuration can look like this:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1960 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(use-modules (gnu))\n" "(use-package-modules wm)\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1965 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(operating-system\n" " ;; …\n" " (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n" " %base-packages)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: cindex #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1967 #, no-wrap msgid "stumpwm fonts" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1971 msgid "By default StumpWM uses X11 fonts, which could be small or pixelated on your system. You could fix this by installing StumpWM contrib Lisp module @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, adding it to Guix system packages:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1975 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(use-modules (gnu))\n" "(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1980 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(operating-system\n" " ;; …\n" " (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n" " sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1984 msgid "Then you need to add the following code to a StumpWM configuration file @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp}:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1991 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(require :ttf-fonts)\n" "(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n" "(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n" "(xft:cache-fonts)\n" "(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n" msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1993 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1994 #, no-wrap msgid "Session lock" msgstr "" #. type: cindex #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1995 #, no-wrap msgid "sessionlock" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2001 msgid "Depending on your environment, locking the screen of your session might come built in or it might be something you have to set up yourself. If you use a desktop environment like GNOME or KDE, it's usually built in. If you use a plain window manager like StumpWM or EXWM, you might have to set it up yourself." msgstr "" #. type: subsubsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2002 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2003 #, no-wrap msgid "Xorg" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2009 msgid "If you use Xorg, you can use the utility @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} to lock the screen of your session. xss-lock is triggered by DPMS which since Xorg 1.8 is auto-detected and enabled if ACPI is also enabled at kernel runtime." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2012 msgid "To use xss-lock, you can simple execute it and put it into the background before you start your window manager from e.g. your @file{~/.xsession}:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2016 #, no-wrap msgid "" "xss-lock -- slock &\n" "exec stumpwm\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2020 msgid "In this example, xss-lock uses @code{slock} to do the actual locking of the screen when it determines it's appropriate, like when you suspend your device." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2024 msgid "For slock to be allowed to be a screen locker for the graphical session, it needs to be made setuid-root so it can authenticate users, and it needs a PAM service. This can be achieved by adding the following service to your @file{config.scm}:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2027 #, no-wrap msgid "(screen-locker-service slock)\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2033 msgid "If you manually lock your screen, e.g. by directly calling slock when you want to lock your screen but not suspend it, it's a good idea to notify xss-lock about this so no confusion occurs. This can be done by executing @code{xset s activate} immediately before you execute slock." msgstr "" #. type: cindex #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2036 #, no-wrap msgid "linode, Linode" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2041 msgid "To run Guix on a server hosted by @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, start with a recommended Debian server. We recommend using the default distro as a way to bootstrap Guix. Create your SSH keys." msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2044 #, no-wrap msgid "ssh-keygen\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2050 msgid "Be sure to add your SSH key for easy login to the remote server. This is trivially done via Linode's graphical interface for adding SSH keys. Go to your profile and click add SSH Key. Copy into it the output of:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2053 #, no-wrap msgid "cat ~/.ssh/_rsa.pub\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2056 msgid "Power the Linode down." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2060 msgid "In the Linode's Storage tab, resize the Debian disk to be smaller. 30 GB free space is recommended. Then click \"Add a disk\", and fill out the form with the following:" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2064 msgid "Label: \"Guix\"" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2067 msgid "Filesystem: ext4" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2070 msgid "Set it to the remaining size" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2075 msgid "In the Configurations tab, press \"Edit\" on the default Debian profile. Under \"Block Device Assignment\" click \"Add a Device\". It should be @file{/dev/sdc} and you can select the \"Guix\" disk. Save Changes." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2077 msgid "Now \"Add a Configuration\", with the following:" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2080 msgid "Label: Guix" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2083 msgid "Kernel:GRUB 2 (it's at the bottom! This step is @b{IMPORTANT!})" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2086 msgid "Block device assignment:" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2089 msgid "@file{/dev/sda}: Guix" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2092 msgid "@file{/dev/sdb}: swap" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2095 msgid "Root device: @file{/dev/sda}" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2098 msgid "Turn off all the filesystem/boot helpers" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2105 msgid "Now power it back up, booting with the Debian configuration. Once it's running, ssh to your server via @code{ssh root@@@var{}}. (You can find your server IP address in your Linode Summary section.) Now you can run the \"install guix from @pxref{Binary Installation,,, guix, GNU Guix}\" steps:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2113 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sudo apt-get install gpg\n" "wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import -\n" "wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n" "chmod +x guix-install.sh\n" "./guix-install.sh\n" "guix pull\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2117 msgid "Now it's time to write out a config for the server. The key information is below. Save the resulting file as @file{guix-config.scm}." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2128 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(use-modules (gnu)\n" " (guix modules))\n" "(use-service-modules networking\n" " ssh)\n" "(use-package-modules admin\n" " certs\n" " package-management\n" " ssh\n" " tls)\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2145 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(operating-system\n" " (host-name \"my-server\")\n" " (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n" " (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n" " ;; This goofy code will generate the grub.cfg\n" " ;; without installing the grub bootloader on disk.\n" " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n" " (bootloader\n" " (bootloader\n" " (inherit grub-bootloader)\n" " (installer #~(const #true))))))\n" " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n" " (device \"/dev/sda\")\n" " (mount-point \"/\")\n" " (type \"ext4\"))\n" " %base-file-systems))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2148 #, no-wrap msgid "" " (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2152 #, no-wrap msgid "" " (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\" ; Needed to find the disk\n" " %base-initrd-modules))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2161 #, no-wrap msgid "" " (users (cons (user-account\n" " (name \"janedoe\")\n" " (group \"users\")\n" " ;; Adding the account to the \"wheel\" group\n" " ;; makes it a sudoer.\n" " (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n" " (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n" " %base-user-accounts))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2165 #, no-wrap msgid "" " (packages (cons* nss-certs ;for HTTPS access\n" " openssh-sans-x\n" " %base-packages))\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2176 #, no-wrap msgid "" " (services (cons*\n" " (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n" " (service openssh-service-type\n" " (openssh-configuration\n" " (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n" " (password-authentication? #false)\n" " (authorized-keys\n" " `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n" " (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n" " %base-services)))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2179 msgid "Replace the following fields in the above configuration:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2187 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(host-name \"my-server\") ; replace with your server name\n" "; if you chose a linode server outside the U.S., then\n" "; use tzselect to find a correct timezone string\n" "(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; if needed replace timezone\n" "(name \"janedoe\") ; replace with your username\n" "(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n" "(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2194 msgid "The last line in the above example lets you log into the server as root and set the initial root password (see the note at the end of this recipe about root login). After you have done this, you may delete that line from your configuration and reconfigure to prevent root login." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2199 msgid "Copy your ssh public key (eg: @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) as @file{@var{}_rsa.pub} and put @file{guix-config.scm} in the same directory. In a new terminal run these commands." msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2204 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sftp root@@\n" "put /path/to/files/_rsa.pub .\n" "put /path/to/files/guix-config.scm .\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2207 msgid "In your first terminal, mount the guix drive:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2211 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mkdir /mnt/guix\n" "mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2216 msgid "Due to the way we set up the bootloader section of the guix-config.scm, only the grub configuration file will be installed. So, we need to copy over some of the other GRUB stuff already installed on the Debian system:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2220 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n" "cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2223 msgid "Now initialize the Guix installation:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2226 #, no-wrap msgid "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2230 msgid "Ok, power it down! Now from the Linode console, select boot and select \"Guix\"." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2233 msgid "Once it boots, you should be able to log in via SSH! (The server config will have changed though.) You may encounter an error like:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2249 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ ssh root@@\n" "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n" "@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @\n" "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n" "IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n" "Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n" "It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n" "The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n" "SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n" "Please contact your system administrator.\n" "Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.\n" "Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n" "ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict checking.\n" "Host key verification failed.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2253 msgid "Either delete @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts} file, or delete the offending line starting with your server IP address." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2255 msgid "Be sure to set your password and root's password." msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2260 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ssh root@@\n" "passwd ; for the root password\n" "passwd ; for the user password\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2267 msgid "You may not be able to run the above commands at this point. If you have issues remotely logging into your linode box via SSH, then you may still need to set your root and user password initially by clicking on the ``Launch Console'' option in your linode. Choose the ``Glish'' instead of ``Weblish''. Now you should be able to ssh into the machine." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2271 msgid "Hooray! At this point you can shut down the server, delete the Debian disk, and resize the Guix to the rest of the size. Congratulations!" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2276 msgid "By the way, if you save it as a disk image right at this point, you'll have an easy time spinning up new Guix images! You may need to down-size the Guix image to 6144MB, to save it as an image. Then you can resize it again to the max size." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2285 msgid "To bind mount a file system, one must first set up some definitions before the @code{operating-system} section of the system definition. In this example we will bind mount a folder from a spinning disk drive to @file{/tmp}, to save wear and tear on the primary SSD, without dedicating an entire partition to be mounted as @file{/tmp}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2288 msgid "First, the source drive that hosts the folder we wish to bind mount should be defined, so that the bind mount can depend on it." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2295 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(define source-drive ;; \"source-drive\" can be named anything you want.\n" " (file-system\n" " (device (uuid \"UUID goes here\"))\n" " (mount-point \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here\")\n" " (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Make sure to set this to the appropriate type for your drive.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2299 msgid "The source folder must also be defined, so that guix will know it's not a regular block device, but a folder." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2301 #, no-wrap msgid "(define (%source-directory) \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here/tmp\") ;; \"source-directory\" can be named any valid variable name.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2305 msgid "Finally, inside the @code{file-systems} definition, we must add the mount itself." msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2308 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(file-systems (cons*\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2310 #, no-wrap msgid "" " ......\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2312 #, no-wrap msgid "" " source-drive ;; Must match the name you gave the source drive in the earlier definition.\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2320 #, no-wrap msgid "" " (file-system\n" " (device (%source-directory)) ;; Make sure \"source-directory\" matches your earlier definition.\n" " (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n" " (type \"none\") ;; We are mounting a folder, not a partition, so this type needs to be \"none\"\n" " (flags '(bind-mount))\n" " (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Ensure \"source-drive\" matches what you've named the variable for the drive.\n" " )\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2322 #, no-wrap msgid "" " ......\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2324 #, no-wrap msgid " ))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2331 msgid "Guix daemon can use a HTTP proxy to get substitutes, here we are configuring it to get them via Tor." msgstr "" #. type: quotation #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2332 #, no-wrap msgid "Warning" msgstr "" #. type: quotation #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2338 msgid "@emph{Not all} Guix daemon's traffic will go through Tor! Only HTTP/HTTPS will get proxied; FTP, Git protocol, SSH, etc connections will still go through the clearnet. Again, this configuration isn't foolproof some of your traffic won't get routed by Tor at all. Use it at your own risk." msgstr "" #. type: quotation #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2344 msgid "Also note that the procedure described here applies only to package substitution. When you update your guix distribution with @command{guix pull}, you still need to use @command{torsocks} if you want to route the connection to guix's git repository servers through Tor." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2349 msgid "Guix's substitute server is available as a Onion service, if you want to use it to get your substitutes through Tor configure your system as follow:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2353 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(use-modules (gnu))\n" "(use-service-module base networking)\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2369 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(operating-system\n" " …\n" " (services\n" " (cons\n" " (service tor-service-type\n" " (tor-configuration\n" " (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n" " \"HTTPTunnelPort 127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n" " (modify-services %base-services\n" " (guix-service-type\n" " config => (guix-configuration\n" " (inherit config)\n" " ;; ci.guix.gnu.org's Onion service\n" " (substitute-urls \"https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion\")\n" " (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2378 msgid "This will keep a tor process running that provides a HTTP CONNECT tunnel which will be used by @command{guix-daemon}. The daemon can use other protocols than HTTP(S) to get remote resources, request using those protocols won't go through Tor since we are only setting a HTTP tunnel here. Note that @code{substitutes-urls} is using HTTPS and not HTTP or it won't work, that's a limitation of Tor's tunnel; you may want to use @command{privoxy} instead to avoid such limitations." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2382 msgid "If you don't want to always get substitutes through Tor but using it just some of the times, then skip the @code{guix-configuration}. When you want to get a substitute from the Tor tunnel run:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2386 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n" "guix build --substitute-urls=https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion …\n" msgstr "" #. type: cindex #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2390 #, no-wrap msgid "nginx, lua, openresty, resty" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2393 msgid "NGINX could be extended with Lua scripts." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2396 msgid "Guix provides NGINX service with ability to load Lua module and specific Lua packages, and reply to requests by evaluating Lua scripts." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2400 msgid "The following example demonstrates system definition with configuration to evaluate @file{index.lua} Lua script on HTTP request to @uref{http://localhost/hello} endpoint:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2403 #, no-wrap msgid "" "local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2407 #, no-wrap msgid "" "local stdin = \"\"\n" "local timeout = 1000 -- ms\n" "local max_size = 4096 -- byte\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2410 #, no-wrap msgid "" "local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n" " shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout, max_size)\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2412 #, no-wrap msgid "ngx.say(stdout)\n" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2443 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(use-modules (gnu))\n" "(use-service-modules #;… web)\n" "(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n" "(operating-system\n" " ;; …\n" " (services\n" " ;; …\n" " (service nginx-service-type\n" " (nginx-configuration\n" " (modules\n" " (list\n" " (file-append nginx-lua-module \"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n" " (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n" " lua-resty-lrucache\n" " lua-resty-signal\n" " lua-tablepool\n" " lua-resty-shell))\n" " (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n" " (server-blocks\n" " (list (nginx-server-configuration\n" " (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n" " (listen '(\"80\"))\n" " (root \"/etc\")\n" " (locations (list\n" " (nginx-location-configuration\n" " (uri \"/hello\")\n" " (body (list #~(format #f \"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n" " #$(local-file \"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2454 msgid "Guix is a functional package manager that offers many features beyond what more traditional package managers can do. To the uninitiated, those features might not have obvious use cases at first. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced package management concepts." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2457 msgid "@pxref{Package Management,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference." msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2460 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2462 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2463 #, no-wrap msgid "Guix Profiles in Practice" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2460 msgid "Strategies for multiple profiles and manifests." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2468 msgid "Guix provides a very useful feature that may be quite foreign to newcomers: @emph{profiles}. They are a way to group package installations together and all users on the same system are free to use as many profiles as they want." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2473 msgid "Whether you're a developer or not, you may find that multiple profiles bring you great power and flexibility. While they shift the paradigm somewhat compared to @emph{traditional package managers}, they are very convenient to use once you've understood how to set them up." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2479 msgid "If you are familiar with Python's @samp{virtualenv}, you can think of a profile as a kind of universal @samp{virtualenv} that can hold any kind of software whatsoever, not just Python software. Furthermore, profiles are self-sufficient: they capture all the runtime dependencies which guarantees that all programs within a profile will always work at any point in time." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2481 msgid "Multiple profiles have many benefits:" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2485 msgid "Clean semantic separation of the various packages a user needs for different contexts." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2489 msgid "Multiple profiles can be made available into the environment either on login or within a dedicated shell." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2493 msgid "Profiles can be loaded on demand. For instance, the user can use multiple shells, each of them running different profiles." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2498 msgid "Isolation: Programs from one profile will not use programs from the other, and the user can even install different versions of the same programs to the two profiles without conflict." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2502 msgid "Deduplication: Profiles share dependencies that happens to be the exact same. This makes multiple profiles storage-efficient." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2510 msgid "Reproducible: when used with declarative manifests, a profile can be fully specified by the Guix commit that was active when it was set up. This means that the exact same profile can be @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/, set up anywhere and anytime}, with just the commit information. See the section on @ref{Reproducible profiles}." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2514 msgid "Easier upgrades and maintenance: Multiple profiles make it easy to keep package listings at hand and make upgrades completely frictionless." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2517 msgid "Concretely, here follows some typical profiles:" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2521 msgid "The dependencies of a project you are working on." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2524 msgid "Your favourite programming language libraries." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2527 msgid "Laptop-specific programs (like @samp{powertop}) that you don't need on a desktop." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2531 msgid "@TeX{}live (this one can be really useful when you need to install just one package for this one document you've just received over email)." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2534 msgid "Games." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2537 msgid "Let's dive in the set up!" msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2538 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2539 #, no-wrap msgid "Basic setup with manifests" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2543 msgid "A Guix profile can be set up @emph{via} a so-called @emph{manifest specification} that looks like this:" msgstr "" #. type: lisp #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2553 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(specifications->manifest\n" " '(\"package-1\"\n" " ;; Version 1.3 of package-2.\n" " \"package-2@@1.3\"\n" " ;; The \"lib\" output of package-3.\n" " \"package-3:lib\"\n" " ; ...\n" " \"package-N\"))\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2557 msgid "@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for the syntax details." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2559 msgid "We can create a manifest specification per profile and install them this way:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2564 #, no-wrap msgid "" "GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n" "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # if it does not exist yet\n" "guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2568 msgid "Here we set an arbitrary variable @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} to point to the directory where we will store our profiles in the rest of this article." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2574 msgid "Placing all your profiles in a single directory, with each profile getting its own sub-directory, is somewhat cleaner. This way, each sub-directory will contain all the symlinks for precisely one profile. Besides, ``looping over profiles'' becomes obvious from any programming language (e.g.@: a shell script) by simply looping over the sub-directories of @samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2576 msgid "Note that it's also possible to loop over the output of" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2579 #, no-wrap msgid "guix package --list-profiles\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2582 msgid "although you'll probably have to filter out @file{~/.config/guix/current}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2584 msgid "To enable all profiles on login, add this to your @file{~/.bash_profile} (or similar):" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2594 #, no-wrap msgid "" "for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n" " profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n" " if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n" " GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n" " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n" " fi\n" " unset profile\n" "done\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2599 msgid "Note to Guix System users: the above reflects how your default profile @file{~/.guix-profile} is activated from @file{/etc/profile}, that latter being loaded by @file{~/.bashrc} by default." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2601 msgid "You can obviously choose to only enable a subset of them:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2611 #, no-wrap msgid "" "for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1 \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n" " profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n" " if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n" " GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n" " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n" " fi\n" " unset profile\n" "done\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2615 msgid "When a profile is off, it's straightforward to enable it for an individual shell without \"polluting\" the rest of the user session:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2618 #, no-wrap msgid "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2625 msgid "The key to enabling a profile is to @emph{source} its @samp{etc/profile} file. This file contains shell code that exports the right environment variables necessary to activate the software contained in the profile. It is built automatically by Guix and meant to be sourced. It contains the same variables you would get if you ran:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2628 #, no-wrap msgid "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2632 msgid "Once again, see (@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) for the command line options." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2634 msgid "To upgrade a profile, simply install the manifest again:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2637 #, no-wrap msgid "guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2643 msgid "To upgrade all profiles, it's easy enough to loop over them. For instance, assuming your manifest specifications are stored in @file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, with @samp{$profile} being the name of the profile (e.g.@: \"project1\"), you could do the following in Bourne shell:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2648 #, no-wrap msgid "" "for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n" " guix package --profile=\"$profile\" --manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n" "done\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2651 msgid "Each profile has its own generations:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2654 #, no-wrap msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --list-generations\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2657 msgid "You can roll-back to any generation of a given profile:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2660 #, no-wrap msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --switch-generations=17\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2664 msgid "Finally, if you want to switch to a profile without inheriting from the current environment, you can activate it from an empty shell:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2668 #, no-wrap msgid "" "env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n" ". my-project/etc/profile\n" msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2670 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2671 #, no-wrap msgid "Required packages" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2676 msgid "Activating a profile essentially boils down to exporting a bunch of environmental variables. This is the role of the @samp{etc/profile} within the profile." msgstr "" #. type: emph{#1} #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2679 msgid "Note: Only the environmental variables of the packages that consume them will be set." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2683 msgid "For instance, @samp{MANPATH} won't be set if there is no consumer application for man pages within the profile. So if you need to transparently access man pages once the profile is loaded, you've got two options:" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2687 msgid "Either export the variable manually, e.g." msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2689 #, no-wrap msgid "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2693 msgid "Or include @samp{man-db} to the profile manifest." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2697 msgid "The same is true for @samp{INFOPATH} (you can install @samp{info-reader}), @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (install @samp{pkg-config}), etc." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2698 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2699 #, no-wrap msgid "Default profile" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2702 msgid "What about the default profile that Guix keeps in @file{~/.guix-profile}?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2705 msgid "You can assign it the role you want. Typically you would install the manifest of the packages you want to use all the time." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2709 msgid "Alternatively, you could keep it ``manifest-less'' for throw-away packages that you would just use for a couple of days. This way makes it convenient to run" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2713 #, no-wrap msgid "" "guix install package-foo\n" "guix upgrade package-bar\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2716 msgid "without having to specify the path to a profile." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2717 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2718 #, no-wrap msgid "The benefits of manifests" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2722 msgid "Manifests are a convenient way to keep your package lists around and, say, to synchronize them across multiple machines using a version control system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2726 msgid "A common complaint about manifests is that they can be slow to install when they contain large number of packages. This is especially cumbersome when you just want get an upgrade for one package within a big manifest." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2731 msgid "This is one more reason to use multiple profiles, which happen to be just perfect to break down manifests into multiple sets of semantically connected packages. Using multiple, small profiles provides more flexibility and usability." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2733 msgid "Manifests come with multiple benefits. In particular, they ease maintenance:" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2741 msgid "When a profile is set up from a manifest, the manifest itself is self-sufficient to keep a ``package listing'' around and reinstall the profile later or on a different system. For ad-hoc profiles, we would need to generate a manifest specification manually and maintain the package versions for the packages that don't use the default version." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2746 msgid "@code{guix package --upgrade} always tries to update the packages that have propagated inputs, even if there is nothing to do. Guix manifests remove this problem." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2752 msgid "When partially upgrading a profile, conflicts may arise (due to diverging dependencies between the updated and the non-updated packages) and they can be annoying to resolve manually. Manifests remove this problem altogether since all packages are always upgraded at once." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2758 msgid "As mentioned above, manifests allow for reproducible profiles, while the imperative @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc. do not, since they produce different profiles every time even when they hold the same packages. See @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, the related discussion on the matter}." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2766 msgid "Manifest specifications are usable by other @samp{guix} commands. For example, you can run @code{guix weather -m manifest.scm} to see how many substitutes are available, which can help you decide whether you want to try upgrading today or wait a while. Another example: you can run @code{guix pack -m manifest.scm} to create a pack containing all the packages in the manifest (and their transitive references)." msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2770 msgid "Finally, manifests have a Scheme representation, the @samp{} record type. They can be manipulated in Scheme and passed to the various Guix @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, APIs}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2778 msgid "It's important to understand that while manifests can be used to declare profiles, they are not strictly equivalent: profiles have the side effect that they ``pin'' packages in the store, which prevents them from being garbage-collected (@pxref{Invoking guix gc,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) and ensures that they will still be available at any point in the future." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2780 msgid "Let's take an example:" msgstr "" #. type: enumerate #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2786 msgid "We have an environment for hacking on a project for which there isn't a Guix package yet. We build the environment using a manifest, and then run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. So far so good." msgstr "" #. type: enumerate #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2792 msgid "Many weeks pass and we have run a couple of @code{guix pull} in the mean time. Maybe a dependency from our manifest has been updated; or we may have run @code{guix gc} and some packages needed by our manifest have been garbage-collected." msgstr "" #. type: enumerate #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2797 msgid "Eventually, we set to work on that project again, so we run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. But now we have to wait for Guix to build and install stuff!" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2803 msgid "Ideally, we could spare the rebuild time. And indeed we can, all we need is to install the manifest to a profile and use @code{GUIX_PROFILE=/the/profile; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile} as explained above: this guarantees that our hacking environment will be available at all times." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2806 msgid "@emph{Security warning:} While keeping old profiles around can be convenient, keep in mind that outdated packages may not have received the latest security fixes." msgstr "" #. type: subsection #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2807 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2808 #, no-wrap msgid "Reproducible profiles" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2811 msgid "To reproduce a profile bit-for-bit, we need two pieces of information:" msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2815 msgid "a manifest," msgstr "" #. type: itemize #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2817 msgid "a Guix channel specification." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2821 msgid "Indeed, manifests alone might not be enough: different Guix versions (or different channels) can produce different outputs for a given manifest." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2825 msgid "You can output the Guix channel specification with @samp{guix describe --format=channels}. Save this to a file, say @samp{channel-specs.scm}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2828 msgid "On another computer, you can use the channel specification file and the manifest to reproduce the exact same profile:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2832 #, no-wrap msgid "" "GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n" "GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2835 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mkdir \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n" "guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile \"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2838 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n" "\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2842 msgid "It's safe to delete the Guix channel profile you've just installed with the channel specification, the project profile does not depend on it." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2849 msgid "Guix provides multiple tools to manage environment. This chapter demonstrate such utilities." msgstr "" #. type: section #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2852 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2854 #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2855 #, no-wrap msgid "Guix environment via direnv" msgstr "" #. type: menuentry #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2852 msgid "Setup Guix environment with direnv" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2860 msgid "Guix provides a @samp{direnv} package, which could extend shell after directory change. This tool could be used to prepare a pure Guix environment." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2866 msgid "The following example provides a shell function for @file{~/.direnvrc} file, which could be used from Guix Git repository in @file{~/src/guix/.envrc} file to setup a build environment similar to described in @pxref{Building from Git,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2868 msgid "Create a @file{~/.direnvrc} with a Bash code:" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2886 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Thanks \n" "export_function()\n" "@{\n" " local name=$1\n" " local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n" " mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n" " PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n" " local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n" " if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n" " echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n" " declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n" " # Notice that we add shell variables to the function trigger.\n" " echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n" " chmod +x \"$target\"\n" " fi\n" "@}\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2891 #, no-wrap msgid "" "use_guix()\n" "@{\n" " # Set GitHub token.\n" " export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2894 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # Unset 'GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH'.\n" " export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2903 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # Recreate a garbage collector root.\n" " gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n" " mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n" " gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n" " if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n" " then\n" " rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n" " fi\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2918 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # Miscellaneous packages.\n" " PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n" " direnv\n" " git\n" " git:send-email\n" " git-cal\n" " gnupg\n" " guile-colorized\n" " guile-readline\n" " less\n" " ncurses\n" " openssh\n" " xdot\n" " )\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2921 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # Environment packages.\n" " PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2924 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # Thanks \n" " eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix --ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2931 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # Predefine configure flags.\n" " configure()\n" " @{\n" " ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix=\n" " @}\n" " export_function configure\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2942 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # Run make and optionally build something.\n" " build()\n" " @{\n" " make -j 2\n" " if [ $# -gt 0 ]\n" " then\n" " ./pre-inst-env guix build \"$@@\"\n" " fi\n" " @}\n" " export_function build\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2949 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # Predefine push Git command.\n" " push()\n" " @{\n" " git push --set-upstream origin\n" " @}\n" " export_function push\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2952 #, no-wrap msgid "" " clear # Clean up the screen.\n" " git-cal --author='Your Name' # Show contributions calendar.\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. type: example #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2960 #, no-wrap msgid "" " # Show commands help.\n" " echo \"\n" "build build a package or just a project if no argument provided\n" "configure run ./configure with predefined parameters\n" "push push to upstream Git repository\n" "\"\n" "@}\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2964 msgid "Every project containing @file{.envrc} with a string @code{use guix} will have predefined environment variables and procedures." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2966 msgid "Run @command{direnv allow} to setup the environment for the first time." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2978 msgid "Guix is based on the @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/, Nix package manager}, which was designed and implemented by Eelco Dolstra, with contributions from other people (see the @file{nix/AUTHORS} file in Guix.) Nix pioneered functional package management, and promoted unprecedented features, such as transactional package upgrades and rollbacks, per-user profiles, and referentially transparent build processes. Without this work, Guix would not exist." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2981 msgid "The Nix-based software distributions, Nixpkgs and NixOS, have also been an inspiration for Guix." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2987 msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix itself is a collective work with contributions from a number of people. See the @file{AUTHORS} file in Guix for more information on these fine people. The @file{THANKS} file lists people who have helped by reporting bugs, taking care of the infrastructure, providing artwork and themes, making suggestions, and more---thank you!" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2990 msgid "This document includes adapted sections from articles that have previously been published on the Guix blog at @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog}." msgstr "" #. type: cindex #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2995 #, no-wrap msgid "license, GNU Free Documentation License" msgstr "" #. type: include #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2996 #, no-wrap msgid "fdl-1.3.texi" msgstr ""