path: root/guix/scripts/pack.scm

;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
;;; Copyright © 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
;;; Copyright © 2017, 2018 Ricardo Wurmus <rekado@elephly.net>
;;; Copyright © 2018 Konrad Hinsen <konrad.hinsen@fastmail.net>
;;; Copyright © 2018 Chris Marusich <cmmarusich@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2018 Efraim Flashner <efraim@flashner.co.il>
;;; Copyright © 2020 Tobias Geerinckx-Rice <me@tobias.gr>
;;; Copyright © 2020 Eric Bavier <bavier@posteo.net>
;;;
;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
;;; your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;;; along with GNU Guix.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

(define-module (guix scripts pack)
  #:use-module (guix scripts)
  #:use-module (guix ui)
  #:use-module (guix gexp)
  #:use-module (guix utils)
  #:use-module (guix store)
  #:use-module ((guix status) #:select (with-status-verbosity))
  #:use-module ((guix self) #:select (make-config.scm))
  #:use-module (guix grafts)
  #:autoload   (guix inferior) (inferior-package?
                                inferior-package-name
                                inferior-package-version)
  #:use-module (guix monads)
  #:use-module (guix modules)
  #:use-module (guix packages)
  #:use-module (guix profiles)
  #:use-module (guix describe)
  #:use-module (guix derivations)
  #:use-module (guix search-paths)
  #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)
  #:use-module (guix scripts build)
  #:use-module (guix transformations)
  #:use-module ((guix self) #:select (make-config.scm))
  #:use-module (gnu packages)
  #:use-module (gnu packages bootstrap)
  #:use-module ((gnu packages compression) #:hide (zip))
  #:use-module (gnu packages guile)
  #:use-module (gnu packages base)
  #:autoload   (gnu packages package-management) (guix)
  #:autoload   (gnu packages gnupg) (guile-gcrypt)
  #:autoload   (gnu packages guile) (guile2.0-json guile-json)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-9)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-37)
  #:use-module (ice-9 match)
  #:export (compressor?
            compressor-name
            compressor-extenstion
            compressor-command
            %compressors
            lookup-compressor
            self-contained-tarball
            docker-image
            squashfs-image

            %formats
            guix-pack))

;; Type of a compression tool.
(define-record-type <compressor>
  (compressor name extension command)
  compressor?
  (name       compressor-name)      ;string (e.g., "gzip")
  (extension  compressor-extension) ;string (e.g., ".lz")
  (command    compressor-command))  ;gexp (e.g., #~("/gnu/store/…/gzip" "-9n"))

(define %compressors
  ;; Available compression tools.
  (list (compressor "gzip"  ".gz"
                    #~(#+(file-append gzip "/bin/gzip") "-9n"))
        (compressor "lzip"  ".lz"
                    #~(#+(file-append lzip "/bin/lzip") "-9"))
        (compressor "xz"    ".xz"
                    #~(#+(file-append xz "/bin/xz") "-e"))
        (compressor "bzip2" ".bz2"
                    #~(#+(file-append bzip2 "/bin/bzip2") "-9"))
        (compressor "zstd" ".zst"
                    ;; The default level 3 compresses better than gzip in a
                    ;; fraction of the time, while the highest level 19
                    ;; (de)compresses more slowly and worse than xz.
                    #~(#+(file-append zstd "/bin/zstd") "-3"))
        (compressor "none" "" #f)))

;; This one is only for use in this module, so don't put it in %compressors.
(define bootstrap-xz
  (compressor "bootstrap-xz" ".xz"
              #~(#+(file-append %bootstrap-coreutils&co "/bin/xz") "-e")))

(define (lookup-compressor name)
  "Return the compressor object called NAME.  Error out if it could not be
found."
  (or (find (match-lambda
              (($ <compressor> name*)
               (string=? name* name)))
            %compressors)
      (leave (G_ "~a: compressor not found~%") name)))

(define not-config?
  ;; Select (guix …) and (gnu …) modules, except (guix config).
  (match-lambda
    (('guix 'config) #f)
    (('guix _ ...) #t)
    (('gnu _ ...) #t)
    (_ #f)))

(define gcrypt-sqlite3&co
  ;; Guile-Gcrypt, Guile-SQLite3, and their propagated inputs.
  (append-map (lambda (package)
                (cons package
                      (match (package-transitive-propagated-inputs package)
                        (((labels packages) ...)
                         packages))))
              (list guile-gcrypt guile-sqlite3)))

(define (store-database items)
  "Return a directory containing a store database where all of ITEMS and their
dependencies are registered."
  (define schema
    (local-file (search-path %load-path
                             "guix/store/schema.sql")))


  (define labels
    (map (lambda (n)
           (string-append "closure" (number->string n)))
         (iota (length items))))

  (define build
    (with-extensions gcrypt-sqlite3&co
      (with-imported-modules `(((guix config) => ,(make-config.scm))
                               ,@(source-module-closure
                                  '((guix build store-copy)
                                    (guix store database))
                                  #:select? not-config?))
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (guix store database)
                         (guix build store-copy)
                         (srfi srfi-1))

            (define (read-closure closure)
              (call-with-input-file closure read-reference-graph))

            (define db-file
              (store-database-file #:state-directory #$output))

            ;; Make sure non-ASCII file names are properly handled.
            (setenv "GUIX_LOCPATH"
                    #+(file-append glibc-utf8-locales "/lib/locale"))
            (setlocale LC_ALL "en_US.utf8")

            (sql-schema #$schema)
            (let ((items (append-map read-closure '#$labels)))
              (with-database db-file db
                (register-items db items
                                #:registration-time %epoch)))))))

  (computed-file "store-database" build
                 #:options `(#:references-graphs ,(zip labels items))))

(define* (self-contained-tarball name profile
                                 #:key target
                                 (profile-name "guix-profile")
                                 deduplicate?
                                 entry-point
                                 (compressor (first %compressors))
                                 localstatedir?
                                 (symlinks '())
                                 (archiver tar))
  "Return a self-contained tarball containing a store initialized with the
closure of PROFILE, a derivation.  The tarball contains /gnu/store; if
LOCALSTATEDIR? is true, it also contains /var/guix, including /var/guix/db
with a properly initialized store database.

SYMLINKS must be a list of (SOURCE -> TARGET) tuples denoting symlinks to be
added to the pack."
  (define database
    (and localstatedir?
         (file-append (store-database (list profile))
                      "/db/db.sqlite")))

  (define set-utf8-locale
    ;; Arrange to not depend on 'glibc-utf8-locales' when using '--bootstrap'.
    (and (or (not (profile? profile))
             (profile-locales? profile))
         #~(begin
             (setenv "GUIX_LOCPATH"
                     #+(file-append glibc-utf8-locales "/lib/locale"))
             (setlocale LC_ALL "en_US.utf8"))))

  (define (import-module? module)
    ;; Since we don't use deduplication support in 'populate-store', don't
    ;; import (guix store deduplication) and its dependencies, which includes
    ;; Guile-Gcrypt.  That way we can run tests with '--bootstrap'.
    (and (not-config? module)
         (not (equal? '(guix store deduplication) module))))

  (define build
    (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure
                            `((guix build utils)
                              (guix build union)
                              (gnu build install))
                            #:select? import-module?)
      #~(begin
          (use-modules (guix build utils)
                       ((guix build union) #:select (relative-file-name))
                       (gnu build install)
                       (srfi srfi-1)
                       (srfi srfi-26)
                       (ice-9 match))

          (define %root "root")

          (define symlink->directives
            ;; Return "populate directives" to make the given symlink and its
            ;; parent directories.
            (match-lambda
              ((source '-> target)
               (let ((target (string-append #$profile "/" target))
                     (parent (dirname source)))
                 ;; Never add a 'directory' directive for "/" so as to
                 ;; preserve its ownnership when extracting the archive (see
                 ;; below), and also because this would lead to adding the
                 ;; same entries twice in the tarball.
                 `(,@(if (string=? parent "/")
                         '()
                         `((directory ,parent)))
                   (,source
                    -> ,(relative-file-name parent target)))))))

          (define directives
            ;; Fully-qualified symlinks.
            (append-map symlink->directives '#$symlinks))

          ;; The --sort option was added to GNU tar in version 1.28, released
          ;; 2014-07-28.  For testing, we use the bootstrap tar, which is
          ;; older and doesn't support it.
          (define tar-supports-sort?
            (zero? (system* (string-append #+archiver "/bin/tar")
                            "cf" "/dev/null" "--files-from=/dev/null"
                            "--sort=name")))

          ;; Make sure non-ASCII file names are properly handled.
          #+set-utf8-locale

          ;; Add 'tar' to the search path.
          (setenv "PATH" #+(file-append archiver "/bin"))

          ;; Note: there is not much to gain here with deduplication and there
          ;; is the overhead of the '.links' directory, so turn it off.
          ;; Furthermore GNU tar < 1.30 sometimes fails to extract tarballs
          ;; with hard links:
          ;; <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-tar/2017-11/msg00009.html>.
          (populate-single-profile-directory %root
                                             #:profile #$profile
                                             #:profile-name #$profile-name
                                             #:closure "profile"
                                             #:database #+database)

          ;; Create SYMLINKS.
          (for-each (cut evaluate-populate-directive <> %root)
                    directives)

          ;; Create the tarball.  Use GNU format so there's no file name
          ;; length limitation.
          (with-directory-excursion %root
            (exit
             (zero? (apply system* "tar"
                           #+@(if (compressor-command compressor)
                                  #~("-I"
                                     (string-join
                                      '#+(compressor-command compressor)))
                                  #~())
                           "--format=gnu"

                           ;; Avoid non-determinism in the archive.  Use
                           ;; mtime = 1, not zero, because that is what the
                           ;; daemon does for files in the store (see the
                           ;; 'mtimeStore' constant in local-store.cc.)
                           (if tar-supports-sort? "--sort=name" "--mtime=@1")
                           "--mtime=@1"           ;for files in /var/guix
                           "--owner=root:0"
                           "--group=root:0"

                           "--check-links"
                           "-cvf" #$output
                           ;; Avoid adding / and /var to the tarball, so
                           ;; that the ownership and permissions of those
                           ;; directories will not be overwritten when
                           ;; extracting the archive.  Do not include /root
                           ;; because the root account might have a
                           ;; different home directory.
                           #$@(if localstatedir?
                                  '("./var/guix")
                                  '())

                           (string-append "." (%store-directory))

                           (delete-duplicates
                            (filter-map (match-lambda
                                          (('directory directory)
                                           (string-append "." directory))
                                          ((source '-> _)
                                           (string-append "." source))
                                          (_ #f))
                                        directives)))))))))

  (when entry-point
    (warning (G_ "entry point not supported in the '~a' format~%")
             'tarball))

  (gexp->derivation (string-append name ".tar"
                                   (compressor-extension compressor))
                    build
                    #:target target
                    #:references-graphs `(("profile" ,profile))))

(define (singularity-environment-file profile)
  "Return a shell script that defines the environment variables corresponding
to the search paths of PROFILE."
  (define build
    (with-extensions (list guile-gcrypt)
      (with-imported-modules `(((guix config) => ,(make-config.scm))
                               ,@(source-module-closure
                                  `((guix profiles)
                                    (guix search-paths))
                                  #:select? not-config?))
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (guix profiles) (guix search-paths)
                         (ice-9 match))

            (call-with-output-file #$output
              (lambda (port)
                (for-each (match-lambda
                            ((spec . value)
                             (format port "~a=~a~%export ~a~%"
                                     (search-path-specification-variable spec)
                                     value
                                     (search-path-specification-variable spec))))
                          (profile-search-paths #$profile))))))))

  (computed-file "singularity-environment.sh" build))

(define* (squashfs-image name profile
                         #:key target
                         (profile-name "guix-profile")
                         (compressor (first %compressors))
                         entry-point
                         localstatedir?
                         (symlinks '())
                         (archiver squashfs-tools))
  "Return a squashfs image containing a store initialized with the closure of
PROFILE, a derivation.  The image contains a subset of /gnu/store, empty mount
points for virtual file systems (like procfs), and optional symlinks.

SYMLINKS must be a list of (SOURCE -> TARGET) tuples denoting symlinks to be
added to the pack."
  (define database
    (and localstatedir?
         (file-append (store-database (list profile))
                      "/db/db.sqlite")))

  (define environment
    (singularity-environment-file profile))

  (define symlinks*
    ;; Singularity requires /bin (specifically /bin/sh), so ensure that
    ;; symlink is created.
    (if (find (match-lambda
                (("/bin" . _) #t)
                (_            #f))
              symlinks)
        symlinks
        `(("/bin" -> "bin") ,@symlinks)))

  (define build
    (with-extensions (list guile-gcrypt)
      (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure
                              '((guix build utils)
                                (guix build store-copy)
                                (guix build union)
                                (gnu build install))
                              #:select? not-config?)
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (guix build utils)
                         (guix build store-copy)
                         ((guix build union) #:select (relative-file-name))
                         (gnu build install)
                         (srfi srfi-1)
                         (srfi srfi-26)
                         (ice-9 match))

            (define database #+database)
            (define entry-point #$entry-point)

            (define (mksquashfs args)
              (apply invoke "mksquashfs"
                     `(,@args

                       ;; Do not create a "recovery file" when appending to the
                       ;; file system since it's useless in this case.
                       "-no-recovery"

                       ;; Do not attempt to store extended attributes.
                       ;; See <https://bugs.gnu.org/40043>.
                       "-no-xattrs"

                       ;; Set file times and the file system creation time to
                       ;; one second after the Epoch.
                       "-all-time" "1" "-mkfs-time" "1"

                       ;; Reset all UIDs and GIDs.
                       "-force-uid" "0" "-force-gid" "0")))

            (setenv "PATH" #+(file-append archiver "/bin"))

            ;; We need an empty file in order to have a valid file argument when
            ;; we reparent the root file system.  Read on for why that's
            ;; necessary.
            (with-output-to-file ".empty" (lambda () (display "")))

            ;; Create the squashfs image in several steps.
            ;; Add all store items.  Unfortunately mksquashfs throws away all
            ;; ancestor directories and only keeps the basename.  We fix this
            ;; in the following invocations of mksquashfs.
            (mksquashfs `(,@(map store-info-item
                                 (call-with-input-file "profile"
                                   read-reference-graph))
                          #$environment
                          ,#$output

                          ;; Do not perform duplicate checking because we
                          ;; don't have any dupes.
                          "-no-duplicates"
                          "-comp"
                          ,#+(compressor-name compressor)))

            ;; Here we reparent the store items.  For each sub-directory of
            ;; the store prefix we need one invocation of "mksquashfs".
            (for-each (lambda (dir)
                        (mksquashfs `(".empty"
                                      ,#$output
                                      "-root-becomes" ,dir)))
                      (reverse (string-tokenize (%store-directory)
                                                (char-set-complement (char-set #\/)))))

            ;; Add symlinks and mount points.
            (mksquashfs
             `(".empty"
               ,#$output
               ;; Create SYMLINKS via pseudo file definitions.
               ,@(append-map
                  (match-lambda
                    ((source '-> target)
                     ;; Create relative symlinks to work around a bug in
                     ;; Singularity 2.x:
                     ;;   https://bugs.gnu.org/34913
                     ;;   https://github.com/sylabs/singularity/issues/1487
                     (let ((target (string-append #$profile "/" target)))
                       (list "-p"
                             (string-join
                              ;; name s mode uid gid symlink
                              (list source
                                    "s" "777" "0" "0"
                                    (relative-file-name (dirname source)
                                                        target)))))))
                  '#$symlinks*)

               "-p" "/.singularity.d d 555 0 0"

               ;; Create the environment file.
               "-p" "/.singularity.d/env d 555 0 0"
               "-p" ,(string-append
                      "/.singularity.d/env/90-environment.sh s 777 0 0 "
                      (relative-file-name "/.singularity.d/env"
                                          #$environment))

               ;; Create /.singularity.d/actions, and optionally the 'run'
               ;; script, used by 'singularity run'.
               "-p" "/.singularity.d/actions d 555 0 0"

               ,@(if entry-point
                     `( ;; This one if for Singularity 2.x.
                       "-p"
                       ,(string-append
                         "/.singularity.d/actions/run s 777 0 0 "
                         (relative-file-name "/.singularity.d/actions"
                                             (string-append #$profile "/"
                                                            entry-point)))

                       ;; This one is for Singularity 3.x.
                       "-p"
                       ,(string-append
                         "/.singularity.d/runscript s 777 0 0 "
                         (relative-file-name "/.singularity.d"
                                             (string-append #$profile "/"
                                                            entry-point))))
                     '())

               ;; Create empty mount points.
               "-p" "/proc d 555 0 0"
               "-p" "/sys d 555 0 0"
               "-p" "/dev d 555 0 0"
               "-p" "/home d 555 0 0"))

            (when database
              ;; Initialize /var/guix.
              (install-database-and-gc-roots "var-etc" database #$profile)
              (mksquashfs `("var-etc" ,#$output)))))))

  (gexp->derivation (string-append name
                                   (compressor-extension compressor)
                                   ".squashfs")
                    build
                    #:target target
                    #:references-graphs `(("profile" ,profile))))

(define* (docker-image name profile
                       #:key target
                       (profile-name "guix-profile")
                       (compressor (first %compressors))
                       entry-point
                       localstatedir?
                       (symlinks '())
                       (archiver tar))
  "Return a derivation to construct a Docker image of PROFILE.  The
image is a tarball conforming to the Docker Image Specification, compressed
with COMPRESSOR.  It can be passed to 'docker load'.  If TARGET is true, it
must a be a GNU triplet and it is used to derive the architecture metadata in
the image."
  (define database
    (and localstatedir?
         (file-append (store-database (list profile))
                      "/db/db.sqlite")))

  (define defmod 'define-module)                  ;trick Geiser

  (define build
    ;; Guile-JSON and Guile-Gcrypt are required by (guix docker).
    (with-extensions (list guile-json-3 guile-gcrypt)
      (with-imported-modules `(((guix config) => ,(make-config.scm))
                               ,@(source-module-closure
                                  `((guix docker)
                                    (guix build store-copy)
                                    (guix profiles)
                                    (guix search-paths))
                                  #:select? not-config?))
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (guix docker) (guix build store-copy)
                         (guix profiles) (guix search-paths)
                         (srfi srfi-1) (srfi srfi-19)
                         (ice-9 match))

            (define environment
              (map (match-lambda
                     ((spec . value)
                      (cons (search-path-specification-variable spec)
                            value)))
                   (profile-search-paths #$profile)))

            (define symlink->directives
              ;; Return "populate directives" to make the given symlink and its
              ;; parent directories.
              (match-lambda
                ((source '-> target)
                 (let ((target (string-append #$profile "/" target))
                       (parent (dirname source)))
                   `((directory ,parent)
                     (,source -> ,target))))))

            (define directives
              ;; Create a /tmp directory, as some programs expect it, and
              ;; create SYMLINKS.
              `((directory "/tmp" ,(getuid) ,(getgid) #o1777)
                ,@(append-map symlink->directives '#$symlinks)))

            (define tag
              ;; Compute a meaningful "repository" name, which will show up in
              ;; the output of "docker images".
              (let ((manifest (profile-manifest #$profile)))
                (let loop ((names (map manifest-entry-name
                                       (manifest-entries manifest))))
                  (define str (string-join names "-"))
                  (if (< (string-length str) 40)
                      str
                      (match names
                        ((_) str)
                        ((names ... _) (loop names))))))) ;drop one entry

            (setenv "PATH" #+(file-append archiver "/bin"))

            (build-docker-image #$output
                                (map store-info-item
                                     (call-with-input-file "profile"
                                       read-reference-graph))
                                #$profile
                                #:repository tag
                                #:database #+database
                                #:system (or #$target (utsname:machine (uname)))
                                #:environment environment
                                #:entry-point
                                #$(and entry-point
                                       #~(list (string-append #$profile "/"
                                                              #$entry-point)))
                                #:extra-files directives
                                #:compressor '#+(compressor-command compressor)
                                #:creation-time (make-time time-utc 0 1))))))

  (gexp->derivation (string-append name ".tar"
                                   (compressor-extension compressor))
                    build
                    #:target target
                    #:references-graphs `(("profile" ,profile))))


;;;
;;; Compiling C programs.
;;;

;; A C compiler.  That lowers to a single program that can be passed typical C
;; compiler flags, and it makes sure the whole toolchain is available.
(define-record-type <c-compiler>
  (%c-compiler toolchain guile)
  c-compiler?
  (toolchain c-compiler-toolchain)
  (guile     c-compiler-guile))

(define* (c-compiler #:optional inputs
                     #:key (guile (default-guile)))
  (%c-compiler inputs guile))

(define (bootstrap-c-compiler)
  "Return the C compiler that uses the bootstrap toolchain.  This is used only
by '--bootstrap', for testing purposes."
  (define bootstrap-toolchain
    (list (first (assoc-ref (%bootstrap-inputs) "gcc"))
          (first (assoc-ref (%bootstrap-inputs) "binutils"))
          (first (assoc-ref (%bootstrap-inputs) "libc"))))

  (c-compiler bootstrap-toolchain
              #:guile %bootstrap-guile))

(define-gexp-compiler (c-compiler-compiler (compiler <c-compiler>) system target)
  "Lower COMPILER to a single script that does the right thing."
  (define toolchain
    (or (c-compiler-toolchain compiler)
        (list (first (assoc-ref (standard-packages) "gcc"))
              (first (assoc-ref (standard-packages) "ld-wrapper"))
              (first (assoc-ref (standard-packages) "binutils"))
              (first (assoc-ref (standard-packages) "libc"))
              (gexp-input (first (assoc-ref (standard-packages) "libc"))
                          "static"))))

  (define inputs
    (match (append-map package-propagated-inputs
                       (filter package? toolchain))
      (((labels things . _) ...)
       (append toolchain things))))

  (define search-paths
    (cons $PATH
          (append-map package-native-search-paths
                      (filter package? inputs))))

  (define run
    (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure
                            '((guix build utils)
                              (guix search-paths)))
      #~(begin
          (use-modules (guix build utils) (guix search-paths)
                       (ice-9 match))

          (define (output-file args)
            (let loop ((args args))
              (match args
                (() "a.out")
                (("-o" file _ ...) file)
                ((head rest ...) (loop rest)))))

          (set-search-paths (map sexp->search-path-specification
                                 '#$(map search-path-specification->sexp
                                         search-paths))
                            '#$inputs)

          (let ((output (output-file (command-line))))
            (apply invoke "gcc" (cdr (command-line)))
            (invoke "strip" output)))))

  (when target
    ;; TODO: Yep, we'll have to do it someday!
    (leave (G_ "cross-compilation not implemented here;
please email '~a'~%")
           (@ (guix config) %guix-bug-report-address)))

  (gexp->script "c-compiler" run
                #:guile (c-compiler-guile compiler)))


;;;
;;; Wrapped package.
;;;

(define* (wrapped-package package
                          #:optional
                          (output* "out")
                          (compiler (c-compiler))
                          #:key proot?)
  "Return the OUTPUT of PACKAGE with its binaries wrapped such that they are
relocatable.  When PROOT? is true, include PRoot in the result and use it as a
last resort for relocation."
  (define runner
    (local-file (search-auxiliary-file "run-in-namespace.c")))

  (define audit-source
    (local-file (search-auxiliary-file "pack-audit.c")))

  (define (proot)
    (specification->package "proot-static"))

  (define (fakechroot-library)
    (computed-file "libfakechroot.so"
                   #~(copy-file #$(file-append
                                   (specification->package "fakechroot")
                                   "/lib/fakechroot/libfakechroot.so")
                                #$output)))

  (define (audit-module)
    ;; Return an ld.so audit module for use by the 'fakechroot' execution
    ;; engine that translates file names of all the files ld.so loads.
    (computed-file "pack-audit.so"
                   (with-imported-modules '((guix build utils))
                     #~(begin
                         (use-modules (guix build utils))

                         (copy-file #$audit-source "audit.c")
                         (substitute* "audit.c"
                           (("@STORE_DIRECTORY@")
                            (%store-directory)))

                         (invoke #$compiler "-std=gnu99"
                                 "-shared" "-fPIC" "-Os" "-g0"
                                 "-Wall" "audit.c" "-o" #$output)))))

  (define build
    (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure
                            '((guix build utils)
                              (guix build union)
                              (guix build gremlin)
                              (guix elf)))
      #~(begin
          (use-modules (guix build utils)
                       ((guix build union) #:select (symlink-relative))
                       (guix elf)
                       (guix build gremlin)
                       (ice-9 binary-ports)
                       (ice-9 ftw)
                       (ice-9 match)
                       (ice-9 receive)
                       (srfi srfi-1)
                       (rnrs bytevectors))

          (define input
            ;; The OUTPUT* output of PACKAGE.
            (ungexp package output*))

          (define target
            ;; The output we are producing.
            (ungexp output output*))

          (define (strip-store-prefix file)
            ;; Given a file name like "/gnu/store/…-foo-1.2/bin/foo", return
            ;; "/bin/foo".
            (let* ((len  (string-length (%store-directory)))
                   (base (string-drop file (+ 1 len))))
              (match (string-index base #\/)
                (#f    base)
                (index (string-drop base index)))))

          (define (elf-interpreter elf)
            ;; Return the interpreter of ELF as a string, or #f if ELF has no
            ;; interpreter segment.
            (match (find (lambda (segment)
                           (= (elf-segment-type segment) PT_INTERP))
                         (elf-segments elf))
              (#f #f)                             ;maybe a .so
              (segment
               (let ((bv (make-bytevector (- (elf-segment-memsz segment) 1))))
                 (bytevector-copy! (elf-bytes elf)
                                   (elf-segment-offset segment)
                                   bv 0 (bytevector-length bv))
                 (utf8->string bv)))))

          (define (runpath file)
            ;; Return the RUNPATH of FILE as a list of directories.
            (let* ((bv      (call-with-input-file file get-bytevector-all))
                   (elf     (parse-elf bv))
                   (dyninfo (elf-dynamic-info elf)))
              (or (and=> dyninfo elf-dynamic-info-runpath)
                  '())))

          (define (elf-loader-compile-flags program)
            ;; Return the cpp flags defining macros for the ld.so/fakechroot
            ;; wrapper of PROGRAM.

            ;; TODO: Handle scripts by wrapping their interpreter.
            (if (elf-file? program)
                (let* ((bv      (call-with-input-file program
                                  get-bytevector-all))
                       (elf     (parse-elf bv))
                       (interp  (elf-interpreter elf))
                       (gconv   (and interp
                                     (string-append (dirname interp)
                                                    "/gconv"))))
                  (if interp
                      (list (string-append "-DPROGRAM_INTERPRETER=\""
                                           interp "\"")
                            (string-append "-DFAKECHROOT_LIBRARY=\""
                                           #$(fakechroot-library) "\"")

                            (string-append "-DLOADER_AUDIT_MODULE=\""
                                           #$(audit-module) "\"")

                            ;; XXX: Normally (runpath #$(audit-module)) is
                            ;; enough.  However, to work around
                            ;; <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=26634>
                            ;; (glibc <= 2.32), pass the whole search path of
                            ;; PROGRAM, which presumably is a superset of that
                            ;; of the audit module.
                            (string-append "-DLOADER_AUDIT_RUNPATH={ "
                                           (string-join
                                            (map object->string
                                                 (runpath program))
                                            ", " 'suffix)
                                           "NULL }")
                            (if gconv
                                (string-append "-DGCONV_DIRECTORY=\""
                                               gconv "\"")
                                "-UGCONV_DIRECTORY"))
                      '()))
                '()))

          (define (build-wrapper program)
            ;; Build a user-namespace wrapper for PROGRAM.
            (format #t "building wrapper for '~a'...~%" program)
            (copy-file #$runner "run.c")

            (substitute* "run.c"
              (("@WRAPPED_PROGRAM@") program)
              (("@STORE_DIRECTORY@") (%store-directory)))

            (let* ((base   (strip-store-prefix program))
                   (result (string-append target base))
                   (proot  #$(and proot?
                                  #~(string-drop
                                     #$(file-append (proot) "/bin/proot")
                                     (+ (string-length (%store-directory))
                                        1)))))
              (mkdir-p (dirname result))
              (apply invoke #$compiler "-std=gnu99" "-static" "-Os" "-g0" "-Wall"
                     "run.c" "-o" result
                     (string-append "-DWRAPPER_PROGRAM=\""
                                    (canonicalize-path (dirname result)) "/"
                                    (basename result) "\"")
                     (append (if proot
                                 (list (string-append "-DPROOT_PROGRAM=\""
                                                      proot "\""))
                                 '())
                             (elf-loader-compile-flags program)))
              (delete-file "run.c")))

          (setvbuf (current-output-port) 'line)

          ;; Link the top-level files of PACKAGE so that search paths are
          ;; properly defined in PROFILE/etc/profile.
          (mkdir target)
          (for-each (lambda (file)
                      (unless (member file '("." ".." "bin" "sbin" "libexec"))
                        (symlink-relative (string-append input  "/" file)
                                          (string-append target "/" file))))
                    (scandir input))

          (receive (executables others)
              (partition executable-file?
			 ;; Note: Trailing slash in case these are symlinks.
                         (append (find-files (string-append input "/bin/"))
                                 (find-files (string-append input "/sbin/"))
                                 (find-files (string-append input "/libexec/"))))
            ;; Wrap only executables, since the wrapper will eventually need
            ;; to execve them.  E.g. git's "libexec" directory contains many
            ;; shell scripts that are source'd from elsewhere, which fails if
            ;; they are wrapped.
            (for-each build-wrapper executables)
            ;; Link any other non-executable files
            (for-each (lambda (old)
                        (let ((new (string-append target (strip-store-prefix old))))
                          (mkdir-p (dirname new))
                          (symlink-relative old new)))
                      others)))))

  (computed-file (string-append
                  (cond ((package? package)
                         (package-full-name package "-"))
                        ((inferior-package? package)
                         (string-append (inferior-package-name package)
                                        "-"
                                        (inferior-package-version package)))
                        (else "wrapper"))
                  "R")
                 build))

(define (wrapped-manifest-entry entry . args)
  (manifest-entry
    (inherit entry)
    (item (apply wrapped-package
                 (manifest-entry-item entry)
                 (manifest-entry-output entry)
                 args))
    (dependencies (map (lambda (entry)
                         (apply wrapped-manifest-entry entry args))
                       (manifest-entry-dependencies entry)))))


;;;
;;; Command-line options.
;;;

(define %default-options
  ;; Alist of default option values.
  `((format . tarball)
    (profile-name . "guix-profile")
    (system . ,(%current-system))
    (substitutes? . #t)
    (offload? . #t)
    (graft? . #t)
    (print-build-trace? . #t)
    (print-extended-build-trace? . #t)
    (multiplexed-build-output? . #t)
    (debug . 0)
    (verbosity . 1)
    (symlinks . ())
    (compressor . ,(first %compressors))))

(define %formats
  ;; Supported pack formats.
  `((tarball . ,self-contained-tarball)
    (squashfs . ,squashfs-image)
    (docker  . ,docker-image)))

(define (show-formats)
  ;; Print the supported pack formats.
  (display (G_ "The supported formats for 'guix pack' are:"))
  (newline)
  (display (G_ "
  tarball       Self-contained tarball, ready to run on another machine"))
  (display (G_ "
  squashfs      Squashfs image suitable for Singularity"))
  (display (G_ "
  docker        Tarball ready for 'docker load'"))
  (newline))

(define %options
  ;; Specifications of the command-line options.
  (cons* (option '(#\h "help") #f #f
                 (lambda args
                   (show-help)
                   (exit 0)))
         (option '(#\V "version") #f #f
                 (lambda args
                   (show-version-and-exit "guix pack")))

         (option '(#\n "dry-run") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'dry-run? #t result)))
         (option '(#\d "derivation") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'derivation-only? #t result)))

         (option '(#\f "format") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'format (string->symbol arg) result)))
         (option '("list-formats") #f #f
                 (lambda args
                   (show-formats)
                   (exit 0)))
         (option '(#\R "relocatable") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (match (assq-ref result 'relocatable?)
                     (#f
                      (alist-cons 'relocatable? #t result))
                     (_
                      (alist-cons 'relocatable? 'proot
                                  (alist-delete 'relocatable? result))))))
         (option '(#\e "expression") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'expression arg result)))
         (option '(#\m "manifest") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'manifest arg result)))
         (option '(#\s "system") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'system arg
                               (alist-delete 'system result eq?))))
         (option '("entry-point") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'entry-point arg result)))
         (option '("target") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'target arg
                               (alist-delete 'target result eq?))))
         (option '(#\C "compression") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'compressor (lookup-compressor arg)
                               result)))
         (option '(#\S "symlink") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   ;; Note: Using 'string-split' allows us to handle empty
                   ;; TARGET (as in "/opt/guile=", meaning that /opt/guile is
                   ;; a symlink to the profile) correctly.
                   (match (string-split arg (char-set #\=))
                     ((source target)
                      (let ((symlinks (assoc-ref result 'symlinks)))
                        (alist-cons 'symlinks
                                    `((,source -> ,target) ,@symlinks)
                                    (alist-delete 'symlinks result eq?))))
                     (x
                      (leave (G_ "~a: invalid symlink specification~%")
                             arg)))))
         (option '("save-provenance") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'save-provenance? #t result)))
         (option '("localstatedir") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'localstatedir? #t result)))
         (option '("profile-name") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (match arg
                     ((or "guix-profile" "current-guix")
                      (alist-cons 'profile-name arg result))
                     (_
                      (leave (G_ "~a: unsupported profile name~%") arg)))))
         (option '(#\r "root") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'gc-root arg result)))

         (option '(#\v "verbosity") #t #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (let ((level (string->number* arg)))
                     (alist-cons 'verbosity level
                                 (alist-delete 'verbosity result)))))
         (option '("bootstrap") #f #f
                 (lambda (opt name arg result)
                   (alist-cons 'bootstrap? #t result)))

         (append %transformation-options
                 %standard-build-options)))

(define (show-help)
  (display (G_ "Usage: guix pack [OPTION]... PACKAGE...
Create a bundle of PACKAGE.\n"))
  (show-build-options-help)
  (newline)
  (show-transformation-options-help)
  (newline)
  (display (G_ "
  -f, --format=FORMAT    build a pack in the given FORMAT"))
  (display (G_ "
      --list-formats     list the formats available"))
  (display (G_ "
  -R, --relocatable      produce relocatable executables"))
  (display (G_ "
  -e, --expression=EXPR  consider the package EXPR evaluates to"))
  (display (G_ "
  -s, --system=SYSTEM    attempt to build for SYSTEM--e.g., \"i686-linux\""))
  (display (G_ "
      --target=TRIPLET   cross-build for TRIPLET--e.g., \"armel-linux-gnu\""))
  (display (G_ "
  -C, --compression=TOOL compress using TOOL--e.g., \"lzip\""))
  (display (G_ "
  -S, --symlink=SPEC     create symlinks to the profile according to SPEC"))
  (display (G_ "
  -m, --manifest=FILE    create a pack with the manifest from FILE"))
  (display (G_ "
      --entry-point=PROGRAM
                         use PROGRAM as the entry point of the pack"))
  (display (G_ "
      --save-provenance  save provenance information"))
  (display (G_ "
      --localstatedir    include /var/guix in the resulting pack"))
  (display (G_ "
      --profile-name=NAME
                         populate /var/guix/profiles/.../NAME"))
  (display (G_ "
  -r, --root=FILE        make FILE a symlink to the result, and register it
                         as a garbage collector root"))
  (display (G_ "
  -d, --derivation       return the derivation of the pack"))
  (display (G_ "
  -v, --verbosity=LEVEL  use the given verbosity LEVEL"))
  (display (G_ "
      --bootstrap        use the bootstrap binaries to build the pack"))
  (newline)
  (display (G_ "
  -h, --help             display this help and exit"))
  (display (G_ "
  -V, --version          display version information and exit"))
  (newline)
  (show-bug-report-information))


;;;
;;; Entry point.
;;;

(define-command (guix-pack . args)
  (category development)
  (synopsis "create application bundles")

  (define opts
    (parse-command-line args %options (list %default-options)))

  (define maybe-package-argument
    ;; Given an option pair, return a package, a package/output tuple, or #f.
    (match-lambda
      (('argument . spec)
       (call-with-values
           (lambda ()
             (specification->package+output spec))
         list))
      (('expression . exp)
       (read/eval-package-expression exp))
      (x #f)))

  (define (manifest-from-args store opts)
    (let* ((transform     (options->transformation opts))
           (packages      (map (match-lambda
                                 (((? package? package) output)
                                  (list (transform package) output))
                                 ((? package? package)
                                  (list (transform package) "out")))
                               (reverse
                                (filter-map maybe-package-argument opts))))
           (manifests     (filter-map (match-lambda
                                        (('manifest . file) file)
                                        (_ #f))
                                      opts)))
      (define with-provenance
        (if (assoc-ref opts 'save-provenance?)
            (lambda (manifest)
              (map-manifest-entries
               (lambda (entry)
                 (let ((entry (manifest-entry-with-provenance entry)))
                   (unless (assq 'provenance (manifest-entry-properties entry))
                     (warning (G_ "could not determine provenance of package ~a~%")
                              (manifest-entry-name entry)))
                   entry))
               manifest))
            identity))

      (define (with-transformations manifest)
        (map-manifest-entries manifest-entry-with-transformations
                              manifest))

      (with-provenance
       (with-transformations
        (cond
         ((and (not (null? manifests)) (not (null? packages)))
          (leave (G_ "both a manifest and a package list were given~%")))
         ((not (null? manifests))
          (concatenate-manifests
           (map (lambda (file)
                  (let ((user-module (make-user-module
                                      '((guix profiles) (gnu)))))
                    (load* file user-module)))
                manifests)))
         (else
          (packages->manifest packages)))))))

  (with-error-handling
    (with-store store
      (with-status-verbosity (assoc-ref opts 'verbosity)
        ;; Set the build options before we do anything else.
        (set-build-options-from-command-line store opts)

        (with-build-handler (build-notifier #:dry-run?
                                            (assoc-ref opts 'dry-run?)
                                            #:verbosity
                                            (assoc-ref opts 'verbosity)
                                            #:use-substitutes?
                                            (assoc-ref opts 'substitutes?))
          (parameterize ((%graft? (assoc-ref opts 'graft?))
                         (%guile-for-build (package-derivation
                                            store
                                            (if (assoc-ref opts 'bootstrap?)
                                                %bootstrap-guile
                                                (default-guile))
                                            (assoc-ref opts 'system)
                                            #:graft? (assoc-ref opts 'graft?))))
            (let* ((derivation? (assoc-ref opts 'derivation-only?))
                   (relocatable? (assoc-ref opts 'relocatable?))
                   (proot?      (eq? relocatable? 'proot))
                   (manifest    (let ((manifest (manifest-from-args store opts)))
                                  ;; Note: We cannot honor '--bootstrap' here because
                                  ;; 'glibc-bootstrap' lacks 'libc.a'.
                                  (if relocatable?
                                      (map-manifest-entries
                                       (cut wrapped-manifest-entry <> #:proot? proot?)
                                       manifest)
                                      manifest)))
                   (pack-format (assoc-ref opts 'format))
                   (name        (string-append (symbol->string pack-format)
                                               "-pack"))
                   (target      (assoc-ref opts 'target))
                   (bootstrap?  (assoc-ref opts 'bootstrap?))
                   (compressor  (if bootstrap?
                                    bootstrap-xz
                                    (assoc-ref opts 'compressor)))
                   (archiver    (if (equal? pack-format 'squashfs)
                                    squashfs-tools
                                    (if bootstrap?
                                        %bootstrap-coreutils&co
                                        tar)))
                   (symlinks    (assoc-ref opts 'symlinks))
                   (build-image (match (assq-ref %formats pack-format)
                                  ((? procedure? proc) proc)
                                  (#f
                                   (leave (G_ "~a: unknown pack format~%")
                                          pack-format))))
                   (localstatedir? (assoc-ref opts 'localstatedir?))
                   (entry-point    (assoc-ref opts 'entry-point))
                   (profile-name   (assoc-ref opts 'profile-name))
                   (gc-root        (assoc-ref opts 'gc-root))
                   (profile        (profile
                                    (content manifest)

                                    ;; Always produce relative symlinks for
                                    ;; Singularity (see
                                    ;; <https://bugs.gnu.org/34913>).
                                    (relative-symlinks?
                                     (or relocatable?
                                         (eq? 'squashfs pack-format)))

                                    (hooks (if bootstrap?
                                               '()
                                               %default-profile-hooks))
                                    (locales? (not bootstrap?)))))
              (define (lookup-package package)
                (manifest-lookup manifest (manifest-pattern (name package))))

              (when (null? (manifest-entries manifest))
                (warning (G_ "no packages specified; building an empty pack~%")))

              (when (and (eq? pack-format 'squashfs)
                         (not (any lookup-package '("bash" "bash-minimal"))))
                (warning (G_ "Singularity requires you to provide a shell~%"))
                (display-hint (G_ "Add @code{bash} or @code{bash-minimal} \
to your package list.")))

              (run-with-store store
                (mlet* %store-monad ((drv (build-image name profile
                                                       #:target
                                                       target
                                                       #:compressor
                                                       compressor
                                                       #:symlinks
                                                       symlinks
                                                       #:localstatedir?
                                                       localstatedir?
                                                       #:entry-point
                                                       entry-point
                                                       #:profile-name
                                                       profile-name
                                                       #:archiver
                                                       archiver)))
                  (mbegin %store-monad
                    (mwhen derivation?
                      (return (format #t "~a~%"
                                      (derivation-file-name drv))))
                    (munless derivation?
                      (built-derivations (list drv))
                      (mwhen gc-root
                        (register-root* (match (derivation->output-paths drv)
                                          (((names . items) ...)
                                           items))
                                        gc-root))
                      (return (format #t "~a~%"
                                      (derivation->output-path drv))))))
                #:target target
                #:system (assoc-ref opts 'system)))))))))